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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Mao, Zedong

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Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

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Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

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Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

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Anastas Mikoyan in 1959

Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich

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Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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June 1975	East German Report on the Eight Interkit Meeting in Ulaanbaatar, June 1975 This report, issued after the eighth Interkit meeting in Ulaanbaatar, addresses the domestic and foreign policies of China and the anti-Maoist propaganda measures to be undertaken by Socialist countries. There are no great expectations for a collapse of Maoism, even though the Chinese economy is developing slowly. China is acquiring nuclear weapons and missiles in preparation for an armed conflict. Beijing's foreign relations with Western countries are considered to be detrimental to international détente and directed against the interests of the Soviet Union and the Socialist countries.
September 5, 1972	Discussion Points from the Meeting with Zhou Enlai Discussion points from Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim's meeting with Zhou Enlai
September 23, 1977	Notes on Meetings held in the Great Hall of the People in Peking, on 3 and 4 August 1977 at 3 PM Huang Hua, commenting on a number of developments around the world, suggests that China's foreign policy continues to emulate the thinking and concerns of Mao Zedong.
February 11, 1965	Minutes from a Conversation between A.N. Kosygin and Mao Zedong The Soviet Union sent a delegation to the All-China Assembly of People's Representatives in Beijing. During this time, A.N. Kosygin and Mao Zedong discussed Vietnam including American military actions, Soviet assistance and support, and their socialist path. The conversation then moved towards a debate over spheres of military influence. The Soviets believed that they and the Chinese should unite to fight against American capitalism, but Mao stated that the Soviets should protect Europe and Chine should protect Asia. Other issues addressed included imperialism, Africa, the United Nations, foreign relations, and the concern over factions between communist states and internal factions within parties.
September 7, 1969	Minutes of Conversation between Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Paul Niculescu Mizil, Zhou Enlai, and Li Xiannian on 7 September 1969 Conversation between Romanian and Chinese representatives. Romanians note that Nixon seemed sincere in his desire to normalize relations with China, and that he believed the Vietnam issue could not be solved militarily. The Romanians believe that Vietnam should pursue the opportunity for talks. Zhou Enlai states that the widespread activity of the USSR proves that the Soviet leaders are "crazy." The Romanians affirm that they would encourage neither the USSR or China to heighten aggression with the other.
July 28, 1979	Transcript, Meeting of East German leader Erich Honecker and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, Crimea, 27 July 1979 (excerpt) Brezhnev reports to Honecker on international affairs.
January 27, 1957	Speech, Mao Zedong, 'On Sino-American and Sino-Soviet Relations' According to Mao, it would be beneficial for China to wait until after the Third Five-Year Plan to establish a relationship with the United States. In regards to the Soviet Union, he discusses the arrogance of the Soviets as a result of their abundant natural resources, and the “inevitable” disputes between the Communist parties in each country.
September 27, 1958	Letter, Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to the Chinese Communist Party, on the Soviet Union's Readiness to Provide Assistance to China in the Event of an Attack In the wake of the Taiwan Strait Crisis, the Soviet Union promises to intervene in the event of a nuclear attack on China from the United States.
October 5, 1958	Meeting Minutes, Zhou Enlai’s Conversation with S.F. Antonov on the Taiwan Issue (excerpt) Speaking with Soviet Charge d'Affaires Antonov, Zhou Enlai analyzes the American response to the Chinese bombing of Jinmen Island.
October 2, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo Directive to Soviet Ambassadors and Representatives, 'Carrying Out Additional Measures to Counter American-Chinese Military Cooperation' Instructions to Soviet ambassadors discussing the growing military cooperation between China and the United States.