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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

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The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

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Interkit, 1966-1987

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

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Uyghur man in Xinjiang

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Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

The Yi-ta Incident, 1962

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

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China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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January 28, 1970	Telegram from Indian Embassy in China on Sino-Soviet Border Negotiations The India embassy in Beijing reports on recent developments in the Sino-Soviet border negotiations. The lead Soviet negotiator, Kuznetsov, had become increasingly open about the progress of the ongoing talks due to political maneuvering by China. The negotiator claimed that "the talks have not progressed because the Chinese have adopted a [sic] uncompromising attitude on reaching agreement on maintenance of [the] status quo."
November 6, 1962	Telegram from the Brazilian Embassy in Havana (Bastian Pinto), 10:30 a.m., Tuesday Pinto calls to attention the rude and violent tone of the proclamations of support to Cuba on the part of China contrasting with the relative moderation of the USSR and of its satellites. Pinto believes Mao is "taking a shot" at Khrushchev.
October 31, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union, 'Views on Khrushchev's Compromise with the United States on Cuba' The Chinese Embassy shares their opinion on Khrushchev's reconciliation with Kennedy after the Cuban Missile Crisis. They believe: Khrushchev’s activities "amounted to a bowl of cold water, poured right over the Cuban people"; because of Khrushchev, those who sit on the fence have now leaned rightward; American imperialists will, under the banner of the UN, create troubles for Cuba; and Khrushchev exhausted his words to exculpate Kennedy, which invariably stemmed from the concern to arrange a Cuba deal as a starting point, with the ultimate goal to push for reconciliations to be reached on other questions.
November 6, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Instruction on How to Express Positions Regarding the Cuba-Soviet Relationship' Instructions from the Chinese Foreign Ministry to the Embassy in Cuba instructing them to indicate their support for Fidel Castro's November 1st speech, but advising "with respect to the Cuban-Soviet relationship, [you] should not speak but listen [zhiting bushuo]."
November 10, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Embassy to the Soviet Union, 'A Report of the Speech Given By the Chief Editor of the Soviet Weekly Za Rubezhom' On the 31st of October, the chief editor of the Soviet weekly, Za Rubezhom delivered a report on current events in the Moscow Agriculture College. Regarding the Cuba problem and the Sino-Indian border problem.
March 10, 1980	Evaluation of Chinese Policies toward Eastern Europe by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union This document addresses China's alleged bid to undermine the unity of the Socialist countries while maintaining special relations with Romania, Yugoslavia, and North Korea. Chinese foreign policy is seen as interfering in the domestic affairs of the Socialist states. By maintaining contacts with Western countries and by encouraging further armament of NATO, China is undermining the position of the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet evaluation assesses China as an unreliable partner in international relations and advises that all contacts of the Chinese government with foreign organizations or authorities be closely monitored.
September 1, 1971	GDR Embassy in Bucharest, 'Evaluation on the Visit of the Chinese Military Delegation in the RSR from August 22 to August 31, 1971’ This document describes the visit of a Chinese military delegation to Romania. According to the East German view, this visit is evidence of Chinese efforts to exert influence in the Balkans. China is said to support the nationalist position of the Romanian Communist Party and to encourage it to continue its politics. The evaluation submitted by the East German embassy concludes that Romania wishes to maintain an equilibrium in simultaneously sustaining relations with China and the Soviet Union.
August 2, 1971	Record of the Meeting Between Leonid Brezhnev and East European Party Leaders in the Crimea (Including Discussion on China) This record of the Crimean meeting between General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Communist Party and East European party leaders addresses Soviet domestic and foreign policies. Also discussed is China's anti-Soviet attitude. Brezhnev mentions the negative reactions of Korea and Vietnam to US President Richard Nixon's planned visit to China. The participants at the meeting are in favor of intensifying relations with Japan. Further discussions focus on the possibility of China joining the UN. All participants at the meeting criticize Nicolae Ceauşescu's visit to China as damaging the interests of the Warsaw Pact. Romania is said to support China's politics towards Albania and Yugoslavia.
July 14, 1977	Bulgarian Communist Party Politburo Decision on Information about China after Mao This decision of the Politburo of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) refers to specific measures to be undertaken by Bulgaria's ideological and propagandistic organs in publicly condemning Maoism as an ideology contrary to the theory and practice of Socialism and Marxism-Leninism. Among these measures are the commissioning of publications, media reports, and lectures at institutions of higher education in order to excoriate Chinese foreign policy for its attacks on the Soviet Union and the other European Socialist countries.
July 9, 1973	Report by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on China's Policy toward Western Europe and Opposition against the CSCE This document contains information prepared by the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on China's European policy and Chinese opposition to the convocation of a Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). It states that China's overall goals are diametrically opposed to those of the European Socialist countries and their Communist parties, with Beijing identifying the Soviet Union as its primary enemy. In this light, the Soviet leadership maintains that actively confronting China in ideological and political terms remains one of the most important tasks of the Warsaw Pact countries.