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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Interkit, 1966-1987

Aerial view of National Mall

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

The Yi-ta Incident, 1962

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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September 7, 1970	Urgent Note from the Conversation of Stefan Jedrychowski with the New PRC ambassador to Poland, Comrade Yao Guang Poland’s Foreign Minister reports that he informed the new PRC ambassador of Poland's interest in developing relations with China, adding that he believes the difficulties between China and other socialist countries to be temporary. The PRC ambassador responded by saying that "there are divergences between our countries" but that it should not prevent friendly state relations. The two also discussed Sino-Soviet relations, with the PRC ambassador stating that in that realm, there are divergences that cannot be resolved.
February 3, 1975	Information about the Meeting with Comrade O. B. Rakhmanin and First Deputy Head of International Department of CC Contributor Rakhmanin discusses the domestic situation in China, current issues between China and the Soviet Union, and Franz-Josef Strauss' visit to China.
September 30, 1964	Record of Conversation between the Mongolian People’s Republic Government Delegation and the Deputy Chairman of the People’s Republic of China State Council, Foreign Minister Chen Yi Conversation between the Mongolian People’s Republic Government Delegation and the Deputy Chairman of the People’s Republic of China State Council, Foreign Minister Chen Yi. The Chinese Foreign Minister welcomes the Mongolian delegation to the 15 anniversary of the People's Republic of China. The discussion covers Sino-Soviet relations, Chinese claims to Hong Kong and Macao, and Chinese and Mongolian foreign policy questions.
June 1960	From the Diary of S. V. Chervonenko, Memorandum of Conversation with the General Secretary of the CC CCP, Deng Xiaoping, 17 May 1960 Deng Xiaoping discuss Khrushchev's speech regarding the American U-2 spy plane shot down by the Soviet Union in May 1960 and the Eisenhower administration's attempted cover up. He also discussed Zhou Enlai's visit to India and continued tensions between India and China.
June 16, 1967	Note from the Conversation between Comrade Zenon Kliszko and CC CCP Secretary Liu Ningyi Comrade Kliszko presents Liu Ningyi with a letter from six socialist countries calling for a conference to discuss aid and coordination in Vietnam in response to "American imperialism." He urges China to rally against this common enemy, despite the ideological differences dividing the socialist nations. Liu responds harshly both to the proposal and to Comrade Kliszko's statement, arguing China "did not want anything to do with a revisionist clique of the Soviet Union’s leadership and its lackeys."
April 28, 1972	Polish Communist Party Note on "Current Policy toward China" States that "the fundamental principle of our policy toward China is to fully cooperate with the Soviet Union."
March 23, 1967	Bulgarian State Security Chairman Angel Solakov’s Report at a Bulgarian Communist Party Plenum According to the State Security Committee chair, Angel Solakov, there has been a major shift in the policies of the West towards the Soviet bloc. While during the 1950s military face-off was often considered an option, in the late 1960s such possibility has been largely ruled out. Consequently the US and their allies in Western Europe are focusing their efforts on fighting socialism around the world through peaceful means, such as strengthening economic and cultural ties with the Soviet bloc countries. This calls for a change in the strategy of the State Security Committee intelligence operations. Solakov also reports on the anti-Soviet activities of the Chinese and Albanian intelligence services across Europe.
July 28, 1969	Note to Comrade Kliszko regarding the meeting of International Departments of 7 parties on the China Question An overview is provided of past efforts to meet and discuss the "China question," as well as a proposal for a similarly focused meeting in October 1969.
October 1969	Polish-Soviet Talks in Moscow Excerpts from Polish-Soviet talks that focus on the China question. Brezhnev posits that the Chinese were the source of ideological divergence, and more specifically that their attitude has progressed to anti-Sovietism and anti-communism. Included is a report from a meeting with Zhou Enlai, who in discussing Czechoslovakia said a "process of bourgeoisie transformation and corruption was taking place over there, which is normal for all of the socialist countries." He attributed the cultural revolution with cutting off the roots of corruption in China.
April 20, 1961	Memorandum of Conversation, Comrade Abdyl Kellezi with Comrade Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai expressed China's opinions on the result of the meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact, China's support of the principles of Marxism-Leninism in several Soviet-Albanian conflicts. They also discussed issues of economic and military assistance.