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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Indian Border War, 1962

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

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China and South Asia

PRC Vice Premier Chen Yi

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Official Chinese Communist Party portrait of Liu Shaoqi.

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Documents

July 15, 1989	Excerpts from the Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Rajiv Gandhi Gorbachev and Gandhi discuss the Tiananmen Square Incident in China and the ongoing turmoil within the Chinese Communist Party, including the fate of Zhao Ziyang.
September 30, 1982	Information about the Visit of Indira Gandhi to the USSR Description of meeting between Indira Gandhi and Soviet representatives. Both sides give similarly critical assessments of Pakistan policy on subcontinent, which both describe as destabilizing to the region. Soviets devote special time to the "dangerous character of military-political partnership between the United States and China," and Indira Gandhi expresses concerns over China's "machinations" against India, and notes the increasing influence of China and America on India's neighboring countries. Gandhi says that Indian-Chinese relations have not improved, due partly to China's position on the India-China border issue.
December 22, 1980	Information about Results of the Visit by L. I. Brezhnev in India (8 to 11 December 1980) Description of Brezhnev visit to India (1980 December), and summary of his discussions with Indira Gandhi and the Communist Party of India (ICP). With Gandhi, Brezhnev discusses a wide range of international issues, including increased US military presence in the Indian Ocean, the Iran-Iraq conflict, and Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. Gandhi both expresses sympathy for Soviet situation in Afghanistan but also calls for withdrawal of troops. Both sides criticize Pakistan for taking action to destabilize region, and both sides criticize China for policy on sub-continent; Soviets accuse china of "direct support for imperialist policy."
January 3, 1972	Note About the Main Points of a Statement by the Acting Ambassador of the USSR Embassy in the GDR, Comrade Gorinovich, to the GDR Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Comrade Oskar Fischer Report discussing conflicts on the Indian subcontinent, and the Soviet Union policy toward these conflicts. Report is critical of Pakistan's aggression, especially in East Pakistan. Discusses Soviet Union warnings against Pakistan aggression, and subsequent steps taken in the international community to curb this aggression (and responses by US, China, and other states). Concludes by touching on the newly formed state of Bangladesh.
April 21, 1962	Record of Chairman Liu Shaoqi’s Conversation with Korean Ambassador to China Han Ik-su During a courtesy call with the new North Korean ambassador, Liu Shaoqi offers his views on Sino-Korean and Sino-Indian relations.
December 24, 1959	Draft, Report to the CC CPSU Plenum, 'About the Visit of the Soviet Party-Governmental Delegation to the PRC' Soviet record of conversation between delegations from the Communist Parties of the Soviet Union and China. They argue over China's policy toward India and toward Taiwan, and assert that China is pursuing a path that will hurt its Communist allies and risk war. Also notes the extent of Mao's personality cult in China.
October 2, 1959	Record of Conversation of N. S. Khrushchev with CC CCP Chairman Mao Zedong, Deputy Chairma Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Lin Biao, Politburo Members Peng Zhen and Chen Yi, and Secretariat Member Wang Jiaxiang Record of conversation between Nikita Khrushchev and top Chinese Communist Party leaders. Khrushchev blames the Chinese for the border conflict with India and for allowing the Dalai Lama to escape from Tibet. The two sides argue over how the Chinese should have handled these problems, with Mao accusing the Soviet Union of being "time-servers."
December 9, 1949	Memorandum of Conversation, Charge d’Affaires of the Soviet Embassy with Chinese Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai on 9 December 1949 Description of a discussion between the Soviet Charge d'Affaires in the PRC and Zhou Enlai, covering Mao Zedong's trip to Moscow and recognition of the PRC by England, Burma, and India.
September 5, 1972	Discussion Points from the Meeting with Zhou Enlai Discussion points from Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim's meeting with Zhou Enlai
October 2, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo Directive to Soviet Ambassadors and Representatives, 'Carrying Out Additional Measures to Counter American-Chinese Military Cooperation' Instructions to Soviet ambassadors discussing the growing military cooperation between China and the United States.