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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Warsaw Pact

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Eastern Europe

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Gomułka, Władysław

1905- 1982

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Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech)

1923- 2014

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

-

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Yakubovsky, Ivan Ignatyevich

-

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

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Documents

April 29, 1981	Memorandum from John Stein to the Secretaries of State and Defense and the Director of the National Security Agency, 'Soviet-Polish Positions on the Declaration of Martial Law in Poland...' Translation outlines discussions between Soviet and Polish officials as to the preparedness of Poland to instate martial law. In addition, it recounts the meeting of the 23rd Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact in Sofia, Bulgaria and Soviet Air Operations in Poland.
October 16, 1986	Statute on the Inter-Governmental Commission to Coordinate the Work of the PRB, HPR, GDR, PPR, USSR, and CSSR on Export Control on a Multi-Party Basis This statute creates an inter-governmental commission aimed at coordinating the efforts of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, the Hungarian People’s Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Polish People’s Republic, the USSR, and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic to prevent exports that might be used by capitalist or developing countries to reach their military or economic potentials.
January 2, 1958	Address by Polish Foreign Minister Rapacki at the United Nations General Assembly, 'Polish proposal for a European Zone Free From Atomic Weapons' In response to the arming of West Germany, Rapacki proposes a European Nuclear Weapon Free Zone.
May 14, 1955	Warsaw Pact Treaty Treaty establishing the Warsaw Pact in response to the integration of West Germany into NATO.
October 13, 1944	Record of Meeting Held at Spiridonovka House on 13 October at 5 p.m. M. Mikolajczyk discusses the Polish memorandum regarding the reconstruction and internal affairs of post-war Poland, Stalin reprimands Mikolajczyk for the extralegal approval of this memorandum. Churchill defends the memorandum, Stalin criticizes it, and Mikolajczyk emphasizes Poland's sovereignty as well as the legitimacy of the underground government in occupied Poland. Contentious discussion on the issue of the Curzon Line between Stalin and Mikolajczyk--Churchill acts as a mediator.
August 21, 1989	Resolution of the CPSU CC Politburo No. 132, 'Regarding the Appeal of Cde. Ceauşescu' The CPSU CC rejects Ceauşescu's proposal that the Warsaw Pact and CMEA convene to discuss the situation in Poland, stating "each of our parties and each of our states are in a position now to decide this matter for themselves, without the need to hold a multilateral meeting."
August 19, 1989	Soviet Ambassador to Romania E. M. Tyazhel'nikov, Record of a Conversation with N. Ceauşescu and Message for Gorbachev Ambassador Tyazhel'nikov relays a message for Gorbachev from Ceauşescu in which he expresses concern about events in Poland and Tadeusz Mazowiecki's appointment as Prime Minister. Ceauşescu argued strongly that the socialist states "must decisively come forth in a united front in order to prevent the formation of a Solidarity-led government in Poland."
August 24, 1989	Information of the Romanian Embassy in Budapest to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1415 hrs A Romanian official at the Embassy in Budapest reports on the Hungarian response to Ceaușescu's 19 August 1989 appeal regarding the situation in Poland.
August 22, 1989	Report of the Embassy of Romania in Warsaw to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 0145 hr Romanian Ambassador to Poland Ion Tesu reports on the Polish response to Ceaușescu's 19 August message to all of the socialist countries. Includes a written response from the PUWP leadership
August 21, 1989	Transcript of Meeting of the Executive Politburo of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party Ceauşescu and the Romanian Executive Politburo discuss events in Poland in August 1989 and Ceauşescu's message to the other socialist countries concerning it.