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Indian Nuclear History

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Nuclear Proliferation

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Indira Gandhi, 1982

Gandhi, Indira

1917- 1984

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South Asia

Pakistan

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United States. Department of State

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Hungary. Embassy (India)

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Bhabha, Homi Jehangir

1909- 1966

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South America

Chile

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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Dutt, Subimal

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Soviet Foreign Policy

French Nuclear History

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United States. Embassy (India)

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China and South Asia

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Documents

March 16, 1960	Letter, G. Parthasarthi to S. Dutt The letter contains a copy of articles on the peaceful utilization of atomic energy and research work in the nuclear science in China, which could help Indian experts to understand China’s capabilities in the nuclear science.
January 1966	Excerpt of an Indian Document on Chinese Nuclear Delivery Capability An excerpt of a document recovered from the Air India 101 crash assessing China's military capabilities.
January 9, 1966	Secret Letter from the Indian Embassy in Beijing to the Foreign Secretary in New Delhi, No. PEK/104/66, 'China and the West' The Indian Embassy in Beijing sent a letter to the Indian Foreign Secretary to prove an analysis of Chinese foreign policy, such as Beijing's relationship with the West and the impact of Sino-Soviet split on Chinese foreign relations.
January 20, 1966	Top Secret Note No. D.185-NG/66 from the Ministry of External Affairs (East Asia Division), Copy no. 36, authored by A.K. Damodaran (Deputy Secretary, East Asia Division) The note describes India's difficulty in the assessment of Chinese defense production due to the absence of official statistics.
October 27, 1989	Letter from Rajiv Gandhi to M. S. Gorbachev (Edited) Letter from Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi to Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev asking him to personally intervene on behalf of a project to create an atomic submarine in India.
1989	Letter from Rajiv Gandhi to M. S. Gorbachev Letter from Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi to Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev asking him to personally intervene on behalf of a project to create an atomic submarine in India.
October 31, 1986	Information On the Question of Renting Soviet Atomic Submarines to India This document considers the political consequences of carrying through with the Soviet Union's promise to provide India with an Atomic submarine for scientific purposes.
January 27, 1989	E. Shevardnadze, D. Yazov, and V. Kamentsev to Comrade M.S. Gorbachev Minister of Foreign Affairs E. Shevardnadze, Minister of Defense D. Yazov, and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers V. Kamentsev discuss Soviet military committments in the Warsaw Pact and various bilateral agreements on friendship, cooperation, and mutual assistance in a letter to Mikhail Gorbachev.
1989	Concept Paper on Military Cooperation with Foreign (Non-Socialist) Countries for the Period 1990-1995 This concept paper addresses the need to base decisions about the nature of military cooperation on the Soviet Union’s long term goal of ending the arms race and moving toward disarmament. It also details how this decision-making should look in specific developing countries in which the Soviet Union has an interest.
May 14, 1964	Research Memorandum INR-16 from Thomas L. Hughes to the Secretary, 'Indian Nuclear Weapons Development' An intelligence report that the fuel core of the Canadian-Indian Reactor (CIR) at Trombay was being changed every six months raised questions about India’s nuclear objectives: a six-month period was quite short for “normal research reactor operations,” but it was the optimum time for using the CIR’s spent fuel for producing weapons grade plutonium. According to INR, India had taken the “first deliberate decision in the series leading to a nuclear weapon,” which was to have “available, on demand, unsafeguarded weapons-grade plutonium or, at the least, the capacity to produce it.”