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Pakistani Nuclear History

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South Asia

Pakistan

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Nuclear Proliferation

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Pervez, Arshad Z.

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Western Europe

France

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

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United States. Department of State

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad

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United States. Embassy (Pakistan)

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Indian Nuclear History

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Hungary. Embassy (Pakistan)

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Photograph of President Ronald Reagan

Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

Chinese Nuclear History

Soviet Foreign Policy

South African Nuclear History

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May 19, 1965	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Pakistan, 'Reactions to China's Nuclear Test' Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Pakistan describes different responses of Pakistani government officials and foreign government diplomats in Pakistan regarding China's first nuclear weapons test.
August 12, 1966	Intelligence Note 506 from Thomas L. Hughes to the Secretary, 'Will Communist China Give Nuclear Aid to Pakistan?' Intelligence reports about recent visits to Beijing by Pakistani defense and science officials raised questions whether China was or would be providing nuclear aid to Pakistan. The latter was already developing close relations with China, a matter which was of great concern to U.S. policymakers, but INR analyst Thomas Thornton concluded that Pakistan was highly unlikely to seek a significant degree of Chinese nuclear assistance.
May 22, 1979	Memorandum for Margaret Thatcher in Response to a Letter from Menachem Begin Memorandum with a briefing on both the Pakistani and Israeli nuclear positions and suggestions for a response to the letter from Menachem Begin.
May 19, 1979	Letter from Israeli PM Menachem Begin to British PM Margaret Thatcher on Pakistan’s Nuclear Program Letter from Begin forwarding a memorandum to Thatcher on activities of the Pakistani government to build a nuclear weapon.
May 1999	Report, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Z Division, 'Challenges of Advanced Nuclear Weapon Development in Pakistan' This study, even more heavily redacted than the Z Division study on India (November 1988), examined the status of Pakistan’s nuclear weapon status, and number of other topics (deleted from the table of contents), and policy implications. The Joint Special Operations Command is among the agencies on the distribution list. As the report is a “Gamma Controlled Item,” some of the excisions relate to communications intelligence information.
June 1978	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Special Projects Division, 'Proliferation Group Quarterly Report, January – March 1978' This issue includes an extract from a recent study on Pakistan and two highly technical articles relating to on-going research to identify the signatures of high explosives used for the implosion method of nuclear detonation. It also includes a report that utilized open literature and classified intelligence, including two satellite photographs, the purpose of the article is to illuminate how the South African Government intended to use the site, down to the depth and thickness of the bore holes.
April 10, 1990	Department of State, Memorandum from Abraham Sofaer to Mr. Kimmit, 'Pakistan Nuclear-Final Resolution of Pervez Case' Pervez’s lawyers had mounted an entrapment defense in 1987 and a Supreme Court decision relating to that defense (Matthews vs. United States) case made it possible for Pervez to launch successfully a bid for retrial on all of the counts. After plea bargaining discussions, a trial was avoided when Pervez pleaded nolo contendere to the count of illegal export of beryllium. He was released from prison on 4 April 1990 on the basis of time served.
January 13, 1990	Department of State, Memorandum from Elizabeth Rindskopf to Mr. Kimmit, 'Pakistan Nuclear-New Trial for Pervez' Pervez’s lawyers had mounted an entrapment defense in 1987 and a Supreme Court decision relating to that defense (Matthews vs. United States) case made it possible for Pervez to launch successfully a bid for retrial on all of the counts. After plea bargaining discussions, a trial was avoided when Pervez pleaded nolo contendere to the count of illegal export of beryllium. He was released from prison on 4 April 1990 on the basis of time served.
January 5, 1988	Presidential Determination No. 88-5 of January 15, 1988 Recognizing the facts brought out by the Pervez conviction, in January 1988 the Reagan White House invoked and then waived the Solarz amendment.
January 5, 1988	White House Statement on Continuation of Military Aid to Pakistan Recognizing the facts brought out by the Pervez conviction, in January 1988 the Reagan White House invoked and then waived the Solarz amendment.