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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950

Interkit, 1966-1987

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

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Anastas Mikoyan in 1959

Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich

1895- 1978

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February 23, 1960	Meeting Minutes between Zhang Weile and Soviet Deputy Director of the Far Eastern Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs R. Sh. Kudashev Kudashev explained why the USSR was lobbying for Nehru: His influence in Asia, the importance of Indian support in the upcoming East-West Summit Conference, the possibility of enlisting India as an ally. He also discussed treaties between China and Burma and Indonesia.
November 28, 1959	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union, 'The Soviet Union’s Attitude towards the Sino-Indian Border Dispute' The Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union commented that Moscow was trying to maintain a neutral stance in the conflict because it still had important stakes in India. The report predicted that this attitude would have negative consequences and encourage the Indian rightists.
September 10, 1959	Memorandum of Conversation Between Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Zeng Yongquan and Charge d’Affaires of the Embassy of the Soviet Union in China S. Antonov Zeng and Antonov talked about the outbreak of conflict along the Sino-Indian border, a TASS statement regarding the issue made without incorporating Chinese opinion and the role of publicity.
May 7, 1959	Ambassador Yudin's Letter to Zhou Enlai The Soviet Ambassador to China expressed his admiration of an article regarding the Tibet issue in the People's Daily
July 31, 1970	Untitled Soviet report on Soviet-Chinese negotiations on border issues This report, prepared by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, states Moscow's readiness to resume negotiations with Beijing on the issue of border clashes along the Soviet-Chinese border.
August 14, 1963	Information by the Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry on the Soviet-Chinese Discussions in Moscow This document examines Sino-Soviet relations with a focus on a 1963 discussion forum in Moscow. The analysis reveals an ideological and political divide between the two countries. Attached is a document outlining Chinese positions on questions of Socialism and peace and on Soviet-Sino relations.
September 5, 1963	Zhou Enlai’s Discussion with a Kenyan African National Federation Delegation (Excerpt) Zhou Enlai criticizes the Three-Nation Treaty (Limited Test Ban Treaty) of 1963, arguing that it signifies an attempt by the US, UK, and USSR to monopolize nuclear weapons. Enlai warns that the agreement will allow larger nuclear countries to commit “nuclear blackmail” against smaller, non-nuclear countries.
July 18, 1960	Mao Zedong’s Talk at the Beidaihe Central Committee Work Conference (Excerpt) Mao Zedong declares that, in the absence of Soviet assistance, China must rely only upon itself in its pursuit of technological modernity and socialism.
July 11, 1960	Some Remarks by Zhou Enlai on a Report by Nie Rongzhen In the wake of a deepening Sino-Soviet split, Zhou Enlai explains how to manage Chinese bilateral technological and educational exchanges. Above all, Zhou emphasizes the importance of Chinese self-reliance in innovation and education as the country moves forward.
July 3, 1960	Report by Nie Rongzhen to Mao Zedong Regarding Science and Technology (Abridged) Nie Rongzhen reports to Mao on scientific and technical issues and Soviet assistance and cooperation in the area of nuclear development. The Chinese were becoming frustrated by what they called the Soviet "stranglehold" on key technical data, and led to an unwanted feeling of dependence on their Soviet comrades.