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Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

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United States

Israeli Nuclear History

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Northern Africa

Egypt

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South Africa

South African Nuclear History

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

The Six-Day War (1967)

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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The Osirak Air Raid

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Journalist informer

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Ben-Gurion, David

1886- 1973

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Nasser, Gamal Abdel

1918- 1970

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Arafat, Yasir

1929- 2004

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April 11, 1969	National Security Study Memorandum [NSSM] No. 40, Memorandum from Henry Kissinger to Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, and Director of Central Intelligence, 'Israeli Nuclear Weapons Program' Kissinger initiated a formal bureaucratic process to address how the U.S. government should respond to the emergence of a nuclear Israel, a review process managed by Kissinger’s NSC staff, known as NSSM 40. Through the NSSM Henry Kissinger tasked the DCI, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense to prepare a report for the President that included the latest intelligence findings on the Israeli nuclear program and policy options with recommendations that the President could use in making decisions.
February 27, 1969	Memorandum from Ralph Earle, Office of International Security Affairs to Secretary of Defense Laird, 'Stopping the Introduction of Nuclear Weapons Into the Middle East' Ralph Earle, a senior official at the Pentagon’s Office of International Security Affairs [DOD/ISA] who had worked closely with Warnke, sent Laird a memorandum, requesting a meeting with Rogers, Kissinger, and Helms on the Israeli nuclear problem. The paper further restated the recommendation to keep the issue out of the National Security Council process.
February 17, 1969	Telephone Conversation Transcript, Henry Kissinger and William P. Rogers The Senate Foreign Relations Committee was reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty for ratification and its chairman, J. William Fulbright (D-Ark), wanted to know where Israel stood on the Treaty. Believing that the issue should be handled at the White House level, Rogers proposed a meeting with Kissinger, Laird, and CIA director Richard Helms. Agreeing to schedule a meeting, Kissinger acknowledged that the issue was also “political.”
February 15, 1969	Memorandum from Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs [ISA] Paul Warnke to Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, 'Stopping the Introduction of Nuclear Weapons Into the Middle East' Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Warnke wrote this memo to the Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird to alert him to the new reality that Israel may already possess nuclear weapons or was very close to that point. Warnke proposed that Laird “consider another serious, concerted, and sustained effort to push Israel to halt its work on strategic missiles and nuclear weapons.”
October 27, 1981	Report on the Results of the Visit to the USSR by the Palestine Liberation Organization Delegation The meeting between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Soviet Union addresses the United States imposition of imperialistic policy in the Middle East. PLO head Yasser Arafat believes that the United States, Israeli, and Western European agreements at Camp David will negatively impact Palestinians and other Arab states and must be overturned. The Soviet Union responds by restating the need for unity in the Middle East.
November 20, 1979	Report on the Visit to the Soviet Union by the Palestine Liberation Organization Delegation Report on the meeting between Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) delegation and the Soviet Union on the situation in the Middle East. The Soviet Union emphasizes their position on anti-imperialist action in Arab lands and on strengthening the relationship between Arab states.
May 22, 1979	Memorandum for Margaret Thatcher in Response to a Letter from Menachem Begin Memorandum with a briefing on both the Pakistani and Israeli nuclear positions and suggestions for a response to the letter from Menachem Begin.
March 30, 1951	Communist Activity in Aleppo and Northern Syria Communist organizations work to form "Peace Supporters" groups and conduct propaganda campaigns against American involvement in the region.
May 9, 1949	Untitled report on Soviet policy towards Zionist Jews Fragment describing repression of Zionist Jews in the Soviet Union.
June 24, 1974	Under Secretary Sisco's Principals' and Regionals’ Staff Meeting Encourages interest in a close look at nuclear export policy were negotiations, pre-dating the Indian test, over nuclear reactor sales to Israel, Egypt, and Iran. Chairing the meeting in Kissinger’s absence, Under Secretary of State Joseph Sisco expressed dismay that nuclear nonproliferation had lost high-level support during the Nixon administration.