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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

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North America

United States

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Nuclear Proliferation

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Malan, Magnus

1930- 2011

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Western Europe

Great Britain

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

France

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Vorster, B. J. (Balthazar Johannes)

1915- 1983

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Philip, Peter H.

-

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Sole, Donald Bell

-

Official portrait for President Jimmy Carter, 1978.

Carter, Jimmy

1924-

Photograph of President Ronald Reagan

Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

Israeli Nuclear History

Brazilian Nuclear History

Pakistani Nuclear History

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March 30, 1960	Letter, South African Department of Foreign Affairs, Informing the United States of South Africa's Intent to Request Nuclear Materials P. H. Philip of the South African Department of Foreign Affairs writes to the US Ambassador to South Africa informing him that South Africa will formally apply to the United States Atomic Energy Commission by June 1st 1960 for nuclear materials, pursuant to the bilateral trade agreement between the US and the Union of South Africa.
March 1960	South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, 'Purchase by the Union of a Research Reactors to be Discussed at Special Meeting of Atomic Energy Board: 16th March, 1960' Summary of a memorandum prepared by Dr. A.J.A. Roux comparing the costs and benefits of different types of reactors.
April 5, 1960	Proposed Press Release, 'Information Regarding Activities in Atomic Energy in South Africa' A draft of an Atomic Energy Board press release on the Union of South Africa's new refining project, sent to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs in Pretoria.
April 28, 1960	South African Report, 'Union-United States Cooperation in Nuclear Field: Financial Assistance' A summary of an exchange of telegrams between the US Embassy in South Africa and the US Legation in Vienna discussing the US position on any formal request by the Union of South Africa for nuclear materials.
November 17, 1989	Letter, Richard Carter to Herbert Beukes Richard Carter writes to the US Ambassador to South Africa proposing that South Africa "come clean" about its nuclear program.
September 29, 1976	Discussion between SWAPO with Dr Henry Kissinger, US Secretary of State, in New York Dr. Kissinger expresses his proposal for a conference on Namibia to be attended by SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organization), Turnhalle members, and South Africa. The Conference concerned the ongoing struggle for independence by Namibian guerrillas from South African rule. Kissinger pledged US support to SWAPO as the leading force in Namibia, but Namibian delegates responded that they would not attend the conference unless South Africa met all preconditions including the withdrawal of troops from Namibian territory.
August 31, 1990	Letter from South African President De Klerk to President Bush South African President De Klerk writes to U.S. President George H.W. Bush in reply to the latter’s 24 July, 1990 letter regarding South Africa’s accession to the NPT. The letter explicitly states South Africa’s commitment to disarmament and suggests the possibility of “declaring South Africa a nuclear weapons free zone.”
November 17, 1989	Memorandum, Richard Carter, South African Department of Foreign Affairs, 'Main Points Arising from Luncheon on 14 November 1989' with Atomic Energy Corporation (AEC) A memorandum outlining AEC and Armscor arguments regarding nuclear weapons development and NPT accession. Includes discussion of implications should the African National Congress gain power in government, decontamination of enrichment sites and degradation of previously enriched materials.
September 1, 1988	Report, South African Department of Foreign Affairs, 'A Balanced Approach to the NPT: Armscor/AEC Concerns Viewed from a DFA Standpoint' Analysis of South Africa's stance on the NPT, particularly in light of ARMSCOR and AEC concerns. Calls for a “strategy of uncertainty” to obfuscate South Africa’s perceived nuclear weapons capability.
May 1981	Announcement, F. W. de Klerk, South African Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs, 'Safari-1 to be Operated by Locally Manufactured Fuel' Statement by Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs F.W. De Klerk announcing plans to supply the SAFARI-1 reactor with locally-sourced uranium, yet will continue to adhere to IAEA safeguards for both the reactor and the fuel.