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Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

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Eastern Europe

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Project RYaN

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Soviet Union. Committee for State Security (KGB)

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Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Todor Zhivkov Collection

Mitrokhin Archive

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Mitrokhin, Vasili

1922- 2004

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Germany (East). Ministry for State Security (Stasi)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Bulgaria. Ministry of Internal Affairs

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Mielke, Erich

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Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

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Documents

February 18, 1972	Polish Interior Ministry Note on Joint Meeting with PUWP CC on Actions against 'Centers of Subversion' These two Interior Ministry documents indicate Edvard Gierek’s concern with uncensored information (“rumors” and “gossip”) challenging his policies, and his focus on RFE as a key instrument of “Western subversion.”
April 11, 1969	Report to CPSU Central Committee on Visit of Czech Delegation to Discuss Countering Enemy Propaganda in Czechoslovakia This document indicates the continuing influence of German-language and other Western media in Czechoslovakia nine months after the Soviet invasion of August 1968. Czechoslovak officials criticized the heavy-handed Soviet broadcasts of Radio Vltava, and viewed other Soviet proposals to counter Western influence as counterproductive.
September 30, 1975	Czechoslovak Interior Ministry Note on Actions of Agent Minarik against Radio Free Europe Pavel Minarik worked at RFE from 1968 to 1976 as an agent of the Czechoslovak Intelligence Service. During these years he provided many documents and analyses to the Service. This document contains Interior Minister Obzina’s approval of an Intelligence Service plan to recall and publicize Minarik’s activities. Minarik was recalled to Prague and surfaced at a staged press conference in 1976.
September 19, 1956	Czechoslovak Politburo Resolution on Plan to 'Counter the Czechoslovak Reactionary Exiles' This Czechoslovak Politburo Resolution of 1956 approved an Interior Ministry plan to counter “reactionary exiles.” Radio Free Europe was an important target, and a series of disinformation actions were planned to disrupt its operations.
1979	Bulgarian Cooperation with KGB against 'Subversive Centers' This document provides further details of joint KGB-Bulgarian measures to counter RFE and RL. It vaunts the effectiveness of Bulgarian regime counterpropaganda, claiming that it thwarted Western efforts to create internal strife in Bulgaria.
December 27, 1977	Letter from Sixth Directorate of Bulgarian State Security on KGB Support This document from the Sixth Directorate of Bulgarian State Security thanks “Soviet comrades” for their assistance in combating hostile propaganda against Bulgaria. It acknowledges the role of State Security in publishing articles in the Bulgarian media “exposing” RFE and RL, and refers to joint Soviet-Bulgarian operations against Western radios.
December 30, 1985	Bulgarian Interior Minister Visits Moscow to Coordinate Activities against Foreign Propaganda Operations This note regarding the results of the visit of a group of Interior Ministry officials to the KGB in Moscow contains a proposal to develop a coordinated plan to discredit RFE and RL.
April 24, 1980	Report by the Chairman of the Delegation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Comrade Colonel Jan Kovach, during Bloc Meeting on Western Radio In the statement by the Czechoslovak Interior Minister at the Bloc Meeting held on 23 April 1980 to discuss foreign “hostile actions,” including Western radio broadcasting, special attention is given to attempts to form a political opposition in the socialist countries.
April 24, 1980	Report by the Chairman of the Delegation from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the People’s Republic of Poland, Comrade Boguslav Staruha during Soviet Bloc Meeting on Western Radio In the statements by the Polish Interior Minister at the Bloc Meeting held on 23 April 1980 to discuss foreign “hostile actions,” including Western radio broadcasting, special attention is given to attempts to form a political opposition in the socialist countries.
1979	Bulgarian and Czechoslovak Interior Ministries Plan to Cooperate against Foreign Propaganda This document details a plan for cooperation between the 6th Directorate of the Ministry of the Interior of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria and the 10th Directorate of the Federal Ministry of the Interior of the Czecho-Slovak Socialist Republic during the period 1979-1981 against foreign propaganda operations. Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty are singled out.