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Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB)

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Eastern Europe

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Sargeant, Howland H.

1911- 1984

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Meyer, Cord

1920- 2001

Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

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Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

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Dulles, Allen

1893- 1969

Indian Nuclear History

Mass Media and Censorship

Mitrokhin Archive

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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November 24, 1960	Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan Memorandum Concerning Progress in Implementing the CC CPSU Decree 'Measures to Vigorously Counteract Hostile Radio Propaganda' Report from the Central Committees of Uzbekistan on actions taken to improve broadcasting of Soviet programs in order to counter Western broadcasts.
October 1, 1960	Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia Measures to Implement the CC CPSU Decree, 'Measures to Vigorously Counteract Hostile Radio Propaganda Directed at the Soviet Population' Report from the Central Committees of Latvia on actions taken to improve broadcasting of Soviet programs in order to counter Western broadcasts.
July 19, 1960	CPSU CC Decree of the Secretariat Protocol Nº 158 § 6 Measures to Vigorously Counteract Hostile Radio Propaganda A Central Committee decree on measures to counter "hostile radio propaganda" by increasing broadcasts of Soviet radio programs.
July 15, 1960	CC CPSU Report, 'Measures to Vigorously Counteract Hostile Radio Propaganda Directed at the Soviet Population' Report from the head of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda of the Central Committee of the CPSU detailing the shortcomings of Soviet broadcast media in countering Western broadcasts. The document is noteworthy for its criticism of the poor distribution of Soviet newscasts in the Eastern part of the USSR, and acknowledgment of how Western broadcasts have filled this void. An interesting point is made on the habit of adapting Soviet-made receivers to capture Western shortwave broadcasts.
May 19, 1959	KGB Report, 'On the State of Jamming anti-Soviet Radio Programs of Foreign Radio Stations' The following KGB document reports on problems jamming Western radio stations in a range of Soviet cities. It indicates times and frequencies on which Western radio broadcasts were clearly audible and Soviet jamming was ineffective.
September 15, 1958	Report to Central Committee on Press Conference about 'Provocative and Subversive Activities of American Radio Stations' Description of a 1958 press conference in Moscow organized by the State Committee on Cultural Relations, with KGB assistance, to discredit Western broadcasts to the USSR and Eastern Europe. The press conference drew on the presence of alleged former employees of the radio stations.
January 17, 1957	Letter to Khrushchev from Radio Moscow Service Urging Creation of Warsaw Pact Radio Station The following letter to Khrushchev in 1957 by members of the German Service of Radio Moscow proposed establishing a Soviet international broadcaster structured along the lines of Radio Free Europe, with formal independence from the government. Indirectly it acknowledges the effectiveness of RFE broadcasts.
March 9, 1984	Polish Central Committee Report, 'The Battle against the Influence of Ideological and Propaganda Subversion on Polish Society (Counterpropaganda)' This Central Committee Information Department document contains an analysis of “Western propaganda” during martial law. While claiming that Polish society is “stabilizing,” the Department recommends increased research, analysis, and coordinated publications to counter Western ideological “subversion.”
October 8, 1963	Minutes of Hungarian Politburo Meeting on Jamming of Western Radio Politburo discussion of a report prepared for the Hungarian Politburo in1963 which concluded that current jamming efforts were ineffective. It provided two options for the Politburo: to maintain and redirect jamming, focusing it on RFE, or to end it entirely. Noteworthy is the assessment that the West has outstripped the Soviet bloc in terms of transmitters, and the assumption that ending jamming might be used as a bargaining chip to soften Western broadcasts.
April 11, 1969	Report to CPSU Central Committee on Visit of Czech Delegation to Discuss Countering Enemy Propaganda in Czechoslovakia This document indicates the continuing influence of German-language and other Western media in Czechoslovakia nine months after the Soviet invasion of August 1968. Czechoslovak officials criticized the heavy-handed Soviet broadcasts of Radio Vltava, and viewed other Soviet proposals to counter Western influence as counterproductive.