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South Asia

Pakistan

Pakistani Nuclear History

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Nuclear Proliferation

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South Asia

India

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Pervez, Arshad Z.

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

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Indian Nuclear History

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United States. Department of State

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France

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Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad

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United States. Embassy (Pakistan)

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Hungary. Embassy (India)

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Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

South African Nuclear History

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China and South Asia

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January 31, 1980	Secretary of Defense Harold Brown to Ambassador-at-Large Gerard C. Smith, enclosing excerpts from memoranda of conversations with Geng Biao and Deng Xiaoping. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 had an immediate impact on U.S. policy toward Pakistan and U.S. aid to the anti-Soviet resistance through Islamabad. With these considerations, the U.S. chose to “set [the nuclear issue] aside for the time being.”
September 8, 1979	Anthony Lake, director, Policy Planning Staff, to Secretary of State Vance, 'The Pakistan strategy and Future Choices' Anthony Lake, director of the Policy Planning Staff, writes to Secretary of State Cyrus Vance about available options to deter Pakistan’s further proliferation while still maintaining “good relations.” Lake suggests exploring the idea of pressuring groups and countries providing aid to Pakistan, and wonders whether the sale of F-16 fighter-jets could sway Pakistan’s military to scale back their nuclear effort.
June 6, 1979	US Department of State Cable 145139 to US Embassy India [Repeating Cable Sent to Embassy Pakistan], 'Non-Proliferation in South [Asia]' U.S. State Department cable states that the Carter administration has “reached a dead end” in its efforts to curb the proliferation of nuclear technology in South Asia. The State Department is wary of taking too strong an approach to Pakistan’s nuclear endeavors, given the security ties between the two countries and concerns about Pakistan’s stability.
November 16, 1978	'Achieving USG Nonproliferation Objectives in Pakistan,' State Department Cable 290844 to US Embassy Pakistan U.S. State Department reports that U.S. officials have instructions not to share U.S. "concerns" with India over Pakistan's nuclear program.
February 13, 1989	Ciphered Telegram No. 41, Embassy of Hungary in Pakistan to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short report on a recent Pakistani missile test based on information from an Indian official. India does not believe Benazir Bhutto's statement that Pakistan's nuclear program is peaceful. Includes speculation on China's involvement in the program. Pakistan has also approached contacts in Hungary about obtaining nuclear technology.
November 28, 1989	Ciphered Telegram No. 219, Embassy of Hungary in Pakistan to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short report on India's response to Pakistan's purchase of a nuclear reactor from China.
July 21, 1988	Ciphered Telegram No. 181, Embassy of Hungary in India to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short report on a visit to Moscow by Indian President Venkataraman. He asked for more military support from the Soviet Union to counterbalance Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. There were disagreements about the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
April 30, 1980	Ciphered Telegram No. 68, Embassy of Hungary in Pakistan to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short analysis of Pakistani President Zia-ul-Haq's upcoming visits to China and North Korea, with discussion of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and Pakistan's nuclear program.
January 19, 1982	Report, Embassy of Hungary in India to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry on Indian-Pakistani relations Report based on information from a Soviet ambassador on India's strategy for dealing with Pakistan. India is concerned about the military support Pakistan is receiving from the United States and China, as well as Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. India is receiving military support from the Soviet Union, modernizing its forces, and seems to be preparing for war with Pakistan.
January 26, 1982	Report, Permanent Mission of Hungary to the International Organizations in Vienna to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Report on a conversation with Indian Ambassador Dalal. Topics discussed include the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, India and Pakistan's nuclear programs, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and the upcoming election of a new Executive Director.