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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Soviet Union

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Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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East Asia

China

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Pakistan

Sino-Soviet Relations

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

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Middle East

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Najibullah, Mohammad

1947- 1996

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Rapprochement, 1985-1989

Pakistani Nuclear History

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Documents

August 1, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Tuesday, 1 August 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 1 August 1989 describes the latest developments in Lebanon, Cuba, Poland, the Soviet Union, Iran, China, Kuwait, and Afghanistan.
March 27, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Monday, 27 March 1989 The CIA's National Intelligence Daily for 27 March 1989 covers developments in Haiti, the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Ecuador, Lebanon, and East Germany. Certain portions of the document are redacted due to b(1) and b(3) exemptions.
January 14, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Saturday, 14 January 1989 The CIA's National Intelligence Daily for 14 January 1989 covers developments in Afghanistan, France, Cuba, Lebanon, Syria, the Soviet Union, and China. Certain portions of the document are redacted due to b(1) and b(3) exemptions.
January 4, 1980	Jimmy Carter, 'Address to the Nation on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan' Jimmy Carter proposes sanctions in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
January 20, 1980	Letter by President Jimmy Carter to the President of the United States Olympic Committee Robert Kane Jimmy Carter explains his call for a boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics in reponse to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
May 29, 1988	Memorandum of Conversation, the President's First One-on-One Meeting with General Secretary Gorbachev Reagan and Gorbachev's first conversation during Reagan's 1988 visit to Moscow.
April 12, 1980	Address by Vice President Mondale to the United States Olympic Committee, 'US Call for an Olympic Boycott' Vice President Mondale addresses the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), advocating for President Carter's proposed boycott of the Moscow Olympic Games in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Later that day, the USOC voted to uphold the boycott.
December 5, 1988	Report on the Visit of the Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to India This document describes events during the visit of the Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to India in November 1988. Talks cover the question of nuclear disarmament and a number regional conflicts. With respect to Afghanistan, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi supports the Geneva Agreement and the initiation of an inner-Afghan dialogue. He stresses the importance of keeping President Najibullah in power. During the visit several agreements on trade and cooperation in scientific matters are signed.
May 17, 1989	Diary of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 17 May 1989 Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze diary entry, describing negotiations between China and a USSR delegation. The negotiations cover border issues, Soviet assistance in improving relations between India and Nepal, and Afghanistan, among other issues. Following the negotiations, Mamaladze describes protesters, "two hundred thousand strong," and notes that the movement has grown beyond just students.
July 2, 1987	Record of Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and Prime Minister R. Gandhi Gorbachev and Rajiv Gandhi meet to discuss various issues. Begin by noting the effect of Western radio propaganda within both India and Soviet Union. Gorbachev notes the "voices" of Western radio stations broadcasting in the Soviet Union, aiming to undermine perestroika. After touching on economic initiatives in India, Gandhi singles out, among problems in India, the "weakening of public morals." Blames this problem on the "onslaught of the Western--and first and foremost, American-- mass media." Both sides criticize militarism at base of US foreign policy, and US emphasis on rolling back communism. Conversation concludes with analysis of Afghanistan situation; Gorbachev explains measure USSR is taking to solidify Afghan government, and Gandhi recommends caution when dealing with tribal factor in Afghanistan. Both sides speak on Pakistan's reaction to situation.