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South Asia

Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Ustinov, Dimitri F.

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Sino-Soviet Relations

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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Ponomarev, Boris Nikolaevich

1905- 1995

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Middle East

Soviet Foreign Policy

Sino-Soviet Rapprochement, 1985-1989

Pakistani Nuclear History

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November 3, 1987	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan Najibullah Najibullah and Gorbachev discuss a recent all-party conference of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and plans to hold a coalition meeting (Loya Jirga) at which a new Afghan constitution will be adopted and a new president elected.
July 20, 1987	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan Cde. Najib (Excerpt) Najibullah and Gorbachev discuss the implementation of a policy of "national reconciliation" and political settlement in preparation for Soviet troops withdrawal from Afghanistan.
May 22, 1987	Notes from Politburo Meeting, 21-22 May 1987 (Excerpt) Gorbachev and his advisors discuss building a coalition government in Afghanistan before the withdrawal of Soviet troops and also the lack of acceptance of the Soviet-backed People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).
February 23, 1987	Notes from Politburo Meeting, 23 February 1987 (Excerpt) Gorbachev describes issues with the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.
February 27, 1987	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Giulio Andreotti (Excerpt) Gorbachev and Andreotti discuss issues in the Middle East, including Soviet plans in Afghanistan and a possible international conference on the Middle East.
February 26, 1987	Notes from Politburo Meeting, 26 February 1987 (Excerpt) Gorbachev and his advisors discuss whether to withdraw troops from Afghanistan.
January 22, 1987	Notes from Politburo Meeting, 21-22 January 1987 (Excerpt) Gorbachev and his advisors discuss new Afghan president Mohammad Najibullah and the possible drawdown of Soviet troops.
January 4, 1980	Meeting of Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko and Afghan Foreign Minister Shad Mohammad Dost, 4 January 1980 Gromyko and Dost discuss the situation in Soviet-occupied Afghanistan and foreign relations between Afghanistan and Western countries.
June 9, 1982	Conversation between Soviet Foreign Ministry Official Mikhail S. Kapitsa and Deputy Foreign Minister of Mongolia D. Yondon Record of conversation between Mikhail S. Kapitsa, the head of the First Far Eastern Department of the Soviet Foreign Ministry, and D. Yondon, First Deputy Foreign Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic. They discuss foreign relations with China, Japan and North Korea. They also discuss the current situation in Vietnam, India and Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
March 11, 1980	Hungarian Embassy in the DPRK, Report, 11 March 1980. Subject: Korean-Yugoslav relations. Kim Yeong-nam asks for military assistance from and military exchanges with Yugoslavia and discusses plans to send DPRK citizens abroad to study certain industries.