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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

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The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

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East Germany

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Poland

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Walesa, Lech

1943-

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Caranfil, Gheorghe

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Chernyaev, A. S.

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Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

German Reunification

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

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July 12, 1989	Memorandum from Foreign Minister Petar Mladenov to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party Memorandum from Foreign Minister Petar Mladenov to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party regarding a meeting of leaders of the Warsaw Pact countries to determine how to proceed with enhancing contacts with the West and pursuing disarmament
July 24, 1989	Minutes of the Meeting of the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party [HSWP] CC Political Executive Committee Minutes of the meeting of the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party [HSWP] CC Political Executive Committee discussing whether to hold elections in September or wait until November
August 18, 1989	Record of Conversation between Representatives of the Opposition Roundtable and Boris Stukalin, Soviet Ambassador in Budapest Record of conversation between representatives of the Opposition Roundtable and Boris Stukalin, Soviet Ambassador in Budapest involving a speech made by Viktor Orbán regarding pessimism towards the negotiations
September 3, 1989	Record of a Meeting in Berlin between Hermann Axe and Raul Castro Ruz Record of a meeting in Berlin on 3 September 1989 between Hermann Axen, member of the Politburo and Secretary of the SED, and Cuban politician Raul Castro. Also present were Cuban politicians Juan Almeida Bosque, Vilma Espin and Carlos Aldana. Topics include US involvement in Panama and its effect on Latin America, internal problems with the Cuban government and acknowledgment that socialist governments in Eastern Europe were changing.
October 5, 1989	Excerpt From the Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev Excerpt from the diary of Anatoly Chernyaev discussing Gorbachev’s upcoming visit to the GDR to celebrate its 40th anniversary, and Chernyaev’s comments on the collapse of the socialist system
October 9, 1989	Telegram from the Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Telegram from the Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding protests in East Berlin on the anniversary of the GDR calling for following the model of the Soviet Union and liberalizing
October 11, 1989	Information Note from the Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Information Note from the Romanian Embassy in Berlin to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the protests, concern on the part of the intelligentsia regarding the lack of dialogue with the population, and concern on the part of the SED about possible strikes