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Eastern Europe

Poland

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Walesa, Lech

1943-

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Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech)

1923- 2014

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Kania, Stanislaw

-

Ryszard Kukliński Collection

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Soviet Foreign Policy

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Romania

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Eastern Europe

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Warsaw Pact

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September 3, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo Report "On Theses for the discussion with representatives of the Polish leadership" Cable to the Polish leadership regarding the position of the Soviet leadership in regard to the agreements reached earlier in 1980 between the Polish Government and the Inter-Factory Strike Committee. The Soviet leadership expresses its concerns with the consequences of the agreements on the role of the Party in Polish society.
October 1986	Note on Proposals for Meetings between Chairman of the Council of State and Representatives of Opinion Making Social Groups Note on proposals for meetings between Chairman of the Council of State and Representatives of Opinion Making Social Groups regarding dialogue, mediation and questions regarding the set-up of such meetings
October 2, 1986	Letter of Lech Walesa to the Council of State Letter of Lech Walesa to the Council of State calling for the end of martial law and the establishment of union pluralism
September 4, 1988	Memorandum by Lech Walesa, 'On Starting the Roundtable Talks' Memorandum by Lech Walesa, “On Starting the Roundtable Talks,” regarding topics for negotiations
April 2, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 02 April 1981 (excerpt) Brezhnev and the Politboro grow frustrated with the Polish leadership. They express fear of the Polish crisis spreading to Belorussia and Georgia, and question the health of Polish leaders.
April 9, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 09 April 1981 (excerpt) Soviet leaders discuss the results of a meeting held by Cdes. Yu. V. Andropov and D.F. Ustinov with the Polish, where the Polish reported that it was difficult to conduct business with the counterrevolutionary activity, but that the situation was begining to stabilize in the wake of CPSU 26th Congress. A discussion of Poland's situation and recommendations ensued.
April 30, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 30 April 1981 (excerpt) Soviet leaders discuss the results of negotiations between a CPSU delegation and the PZPR leadership, and express concern with the decisions of the Polish leadership.
August 22, 1981	Notes from Brezhnev's Meeting with Stanislaw Kania and Wojciech Jaruzelski, 14 August 1981 In this meeting, Brezhnev expresses anxiety about Poland's path, especially since it has deteriorated since Congress when it was expected to improve. Kania says that the political crisis can be overcome and that theyare seizing the initiative. Brezhnev insists that they will soon face off with the enemy, and there is still the opportunity to mobilize and rebuff the counterrevolution. Brezhnev concludes that large scale political action is the most feasible way to turn Poland to socialism.
September 10, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 10 September 1981 (excerpt) The Soviet Politburo discusses dissent within Poland and the loss of power of the communist party in Poland.
September 15, 1981	Transcript of Brezhnev's Phone Conversation with Kania, 15 September 1981 Brezhnev worries the Polish Solidarity movement will undermine communist authority in Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe.