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Eastern Europe

Poland

Ryszard Kukliński Collection

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Stein, John H.

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Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

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McMahon, John Norman

1929-

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

American diplomat William Averell Harriman

Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell)

1891- 1986

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Eastern Europe

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

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Documents

August 25, 1981	Memorandum from [Redacted] to the Director of Central Intelligence, 'Martial Law in Poland' Memorandum outlining Poland's martial law plan, whether it could work, and the attitudes of Polish leadership.
August 21, 1981	Memorandum from John Stein to the Director of Central Intelligence, '[Redacted] Report' Translation of a document the Polish government intended to circulate should martial law be announced.
August 14, 1981	Memorandum from John Stein to the Secretaries of State and Defense and Director of the National Security Agency, 'The Current Political Situation in Poland; Polish Ministry of Defense Plans for the Possible Introduction of Martial Law' Translated report discusses how the increased presence of Solidarnosc (Solidarity) warrants the introduction of martial law. However, it affirms that no formal steps to introducing martial law have been taken.
July 24, 1981	Memorandum from John Stein to the Director of the Central Intelligence, '[Redacted] Report' Translation elaborates on how funds should be allocated towards various Polish infrastructure projects including highways, waterways, and railways. In addition, it mentions allocating funds for the defense training for new government and industrial leaders.
July 17, 1981	Memorandum from John Stein to the Secretaries of State and Defense and Director of the National Security Agency, 'Polish General Staff Evaluation of Soviet Military PResence and Activities in Poland...' Report outlines the conflicting views of Polish military and government leadership on the implementation of martial law and growing influence of the Soviet military.
July 17, 1981	Memorandum from John Stein to the Director of Central Intelligence, '[Redacted] Report' Translation of a memorandum from the Chief of General Staff of the Polish Peoples Army on the measures that need to be taken by the army in case of martial law.
July 1, 1981	Memorandum from Max Hugel to the Director of Central Intelligence, '[Redacted] Report' Translation of an agenda from the meeting of Polish National Defense Committee of June 19, 1981 involving the Ministry of Internal Affairs, National Defense, and the Defense Industry Commission.
July 1, 1981	Memorandum from Max Hugel to the Director of Central Intelligence, '[Redacted] Report' Report discusses contingency plans for implementing martial law, but only in relation to the possibility of extremist resistance from organizations such as Solidarnosc (Solidarity) and KOR (Workers Defense Committee).
June 24, 1984	Memorandum from Max Hugel to the Secretaries of State and Defense and Director of the National Security Agency, 'Attitudes of the Polish Ministry of Defense and Soviet Military Positions in Connection with the Current Political Situation in Poland' Report discusses conflicting reports from the Polish and Soviet governments on the stationing of troops in Poland.
June 10, 1981	Memorandum from Max Hugel to the Secretaries of State and Defense and Director of the National Security Agency, 'Proposed Polish Military Measures in Connection with the Current Political Situation in Poland' Hugel alerts the recipients of the memorandum that confidential sources reveal increased militarization in Poland to enforce the party line and are one step closer to martial law.