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Aerial view of National Mall

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Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

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"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Nuclear Proliferation

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

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Hughes, Thomas Lowe

1925-

Pakistani Nuclear History

South Korean Diplomacy in Asia, 1955-1957

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

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Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Photograph of John F. Kennedy in 1963

Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald)

1917- 1963

Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Rhee, Syngman

1875- 1965

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June 10, 1957	Report No. 120 from Young Kee Kim to Chung Whan Cho Young Kee Kim briefs Minister Cho on the arrival of the former U.S Ambassador to Moscow Charles E. Bohlen.
June 1957	A Draft of Greetings Addressed to President of Italy Giovanni Gronchi by Minister Young Kee Kim Minister Kim gives a speech in honor of President Gronchi, promoting friendship between Korea and Italy.
October 20, 1957	L.H.K. Report No. 9 from Lincoln Hoon Kim to Francesca Rhee Minister Kim briefs Mrs. Rhee on the visit of the Japanese deputy Premiere to Manila, the 50th anniversary of the Philippines' assembly, and the dinner party with the Italian ambassador.
October 9, 1944	Record of Meeting at the Kremlin, Moscow, 9 October 1944, at 10 p.m. Churchill, Eden, Stalin, and Molotov discuss the leadership in Poland, Britains interests in Greece and Hong Kong, the actions of Romania and Bulgaria during the war, Turkey, the need for the Great Powers to exert influence on the Balkans to prevent small wars, the leadership of Italy, interests in Bulgaria and Romania, the dividing of Germany and Germany's future, and the American plans in the war against Japan.
August 3, 1956	Letter No. 8 from the President (Syngman Rhee) to Minister Duk Shin Choi President Rhee briefly explains the possibility of South Korea-Italian relations and continues to warn Choi of Japanese involvement in Vietnam.
May 3, 1977	State Department telegram to U.S. Embassy London et al., 'Nuclear Suppliers Meeting, April 28-29, 1977' This document describes the meeting of 15 nuclear supplier states in London where issues were discussed such as full-scope safeguards, including sanctions in the guidelines, purpose of supplier consent, moratoriums, enlargement of membership, and various countries' individual concerns were voiced and addressed.
June 11, 1976	George Vest to the Secretary of State, 'London Nuclear Suppliers Meeting' This document provides an overview of the London Nuclear Suppliers' Meeting which included the addition of the five newest countries to the original seven. Most old and new members were receptive when Washington lobbied them to support a “long term and stable regime of restraint” on the export of sensitive enrichment and reprocessing technology. While the French were supportive of the moratorium proposal, the Germans were uncomfortable with it, not least because of the implications for their deal with Brazil.
January 20, 1966	National Intelligence Estimate, NIE 4-66, 'The Likelihood of Further Nuclear Proliferation' This estimate updated an estimate (NIE-4-2-64) published in 1964 of the nuclear proliferation problem. That estimate, like this one, overestimated the likelihood of an Indian bomb, while somewhat underestimating Israel’s program. This assessment followed the same pattern—predicting India would produce a weapon within a “few years” and also putting Israel in the “might” category, although treating it as a “serious contender” nonetheless. Also following a short discussion of the “snowball effect” (later known as “proliferation cascades” or “chains”) suggesting that the United Arab Republic (Egypt-Syria) and Pakistan were likely to take the nuclear option should India or Israel go nuclear.
February 11, 1945	Yalta Conference Agreement, Declaration of a Liberated Europe The text of the agreements reached at the Yalta (Crimea) Conference between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin.
October 21, 1964	National Intelligence Estimate NIE 4-2-64, 'Prospects for a Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Over the Next Decade' This US analysis of the likelihood of nuclear proliferation during the next decade was finished only days after the first Chinese nuclear test on 16 October. The report analyses the implications of this test, as well as programs in India, Israel, Sweden, West Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada, and others. The National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) argued that India was the only new state likely to develop nuclear weapons, concluding that “there will not be a widespread proliferation …over the next decade.”