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Gyeongbokgung

East Asia

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Aerial view of National Mall

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United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Syngman Rhee Era

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

South Korean Diplomacy in Asia, 1955-1957

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Rhee, Syngman

1875- 1965

Indian Nuclear History

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

South African Nuclear History

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Korea (South). Embassy (Philippines)

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Korea (South). Embassy (Japan)

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A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

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Choi, Duk Shin (Choe Deok-sin)

1914- 1989

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February 1926	Report Submitted by the Faculty of the American University of Beirut [to the Rockefeller Foundation] concerning the Opportunity to train Students for Service in the Near East through Commerce and the Social Sciences (Excerpt) In 1866, US Presbyterians who had been working for half a century in the Ottoman city of Beirut founded the Syrian Protestant College (SPC), to compete with Arab and French endeavors in higher education. Chartered in the State of New York, the American University of Beirut (AUB), as the SPC has been called since 1920, came to employ American, European and Arab professors. It soon turned into a foremost institution of higher education for Arab Christians and Muslims alike from Greater Syria (present-day Syria, Israel/Palestine, Lebanon, and Jordan), and especially after World War I attracted more and more students also from other Arabic-speaking countries, a history told in Betty Anderson’s The American University of Beirut: Arab Nationalism and Liberal Education (2011). AUB’s educational quality and missionary institutional bedrock gave it some clout in the United States. Hence, when the New York-based Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Foundation in 1924 added an international layer to a US-centered social science grant program it had been running since 1922, it in 1925 asked the AUB president, Bayard Dodge, whether his institution would apply for such a grant. AUB did. Making its case in a way that reflected the establishment of League of Nations Mandates in the post-Ottoman Iraq and Greater Syria and the rise of anticolonial nationalisms there, AUB received a US$39,000 grant to develop its social science offerings in 1926-1931, and three additional grants through 1940. The text published here is an excerpt of an initial report by AUB professors to Rockefeller Foundation grant officials.
June 6, 1919	Letter, Gilbert F. Close to Mr. Saad Zaghloul In January 1918, US President Woodrow Wilson in a speech to Congress outlined Fourteen Points to undergird the postwar peace and international politics. Vis-à-vis European empires’ interests and against Soviet anti-colonialism, he asserted a panorama of (actually self-interested) US ideals. Thus, point 5 called for “A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable government whose title is to be determined;” and point 14 insisted that “A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike.” Around the world, many anti-colonialists rejoiced. They insisted these points apply to their case, and hoped Wilson would agree. Neither of these two things came to pass, as Erez Manela has shown in The Wilsonian Moment: Self-determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (2007). In Paris during the 1919 Peace Conference, Wilson rebuffed the advances of many, including the Egyptian delegation, which wrote and self-published, in Paris in 1919, the booklet containing the two letters below. While conceding British supervision of Egypt’s debt and of the Suez Canal, leading Egyptian nationalists had just after the end of World War I demanded independence and the right to address the upcoming Paris Peace conference. Britain rejected these demands and offers. An uprising ensued, which Britain tried to suppress, in March 1919 exiling leading nationalists, including Sa’d Zaghlul (1959-1927), to Malta. As this only worsened the uprising, the Britain’s new High Commissioner in Cairo, Edmund Allenby (1861-1936) released the nationalists—who made haste to Paris.
June 6, 1919	Letter, Saad Zaghloul to His Excellency President Woodrow Wilson In January 1918, US President Woodrow Wilson in a speech to Congress outlined Fourteen Points to undergird the postwar peace and international politics. Vis-à-vis European empires’ interests and against Soviet anti-colonialism, he asserted a panorama of (actually self-interested) US ideals. Thus, point 5 called for “A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable government whose title is to be determined;” and point 14 insisted that “A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike.” Around the world, many anti-colonialists rejoiced. They insisted these points apply to their case, and hoped Wilson would agree. Neither of these two things came to pass, as Erez Manela has shown in The Wilsonian Moment: Self-determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (2007). In Paris during the 1919 Peace Conference, Wilson rebuffed the advances of many, including the Egyptian delegation, which wrote and self-published, in Paris in 1919, the booklet containing the two letters below. While conceding British supervision of Egypt’s debt and of the Suez Canal, leading Egyptian nationalists had just after the end of World War I demanded independence and the right to address the upcoming Paris Peace conference. Britain rejected these demands and offers. An uprising ensued, which Britain tried to suppress, in March 1919 exiling leading nationalists, including Sa’d Zaghlul (1959-1927), to Malta. As this only worsened the uprising, the Britain’s new High Commissioner in Cairo, Edmund Allenby (1861-1936) released the nationalists—who made haste to Paris.
December 30, 1970	Memorandum, John Ward to the President, RadLibCom [Howland H. Sargeant], 'New Radio Liberty Policy Manuea' The CIA liaison officer confirms to RLC President Sargeant approval of the revised Policy Manual for Radio Liberty broadcasts while forwarding alternative views of two current Soviet developments
July 7, 1970	Memorandum, John Ward to the President, RadLibCom [Howland H. Sargeant], 'Target Area Listener Report #177-70, dated 10 June 1970' The CIA liaison official asks RLC President Sargeant to forward the identity of two Ministry of Agricultural officials quoted in the Listener Report.
May 26, 1970	Memorandum, John Ward to the President, RadLibCom [Howland H. Sargeant], 'RL Broadcast Position Statement on the "Nationality Question" in the USSR' A CIA liaison officer provides RLC President Sargeant with the verbatim views of “higher authority” [here, the State Department] on the referenced RL document.
February 20, 1968	Memorandum, Howland H. Sargeant to the [RLC] Advisory Board, 'Contemplated Actions to Assure the Future of RLC' RLC President Sargeant outlines for CIA his views on options for future funding of the RLC and advocates more RLC presence in Washington.
October 25, 1967	Memorandum, Alex Long to Catherine Dupuy, 'Policy Review Report' The CIA liaison official provides AMCOMLIB President Sargeant which his comments on draft policy papers (not attached).
June 22, 1967	Memorandum, Alex Long to Catherine Dupuy, 'Policy Review Memo of May 10 and May 24' The CIA liaison officer provides AMCOMLIB policy official Dupuy with his views of the roles of CIA and AMCOMLIB officials in determining RL broadcast policy.
April 19, 1967	Letter, Howland H. Sargeant to Cord [Meyer] AMCOMLIB President Sargeant provides CIA official Cord Meyer with his views on alternative funding arrangements for RL and includes a draft (not attached).