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Western Europe

France

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Satellite image of Western Europe

Western Europe

Euratom

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Northern Africa

Algeria

Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

The Algerian Revolution and the Communist Bloc

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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Gaulle, Charles de

1890- 1970

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Manac’h, Etienne

1910- 1992

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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December 8, 1944	Conversation between General de Gaulle and Marshal Stalin Friday 8 December 1944 General de Gaulle discusses France's positions on the German question in terms of Germany's borders, disarmament, and alliances. De Gaulle insists that Germany's Western border should not extend past the Rhine and that the country should be disarmed militarily, economically, and morally. He argues that international alliances between the USSR and France should be multilayered, and should include some involvement United States. Stalin argues for the benefit of a tripartite pact between the USSR, France, and England. Stalin then describes a pact between the USSR and France to bolster Poland.
December 6, 1944	Conversation between General de Gaulle and Marshal Stalin at the Kremlin 6 December 1944 from 18:00 to 19:45 General de Gaulle and Marshal Stalin discuss the historical affinity between France and Poland, France's aim to support a Poland that can stand up to Germany in the future, France's support of the Curzon line as well as it insistence that Poland should remain an independent state. Stalin and de Gaulle discuss the concept of a "western bloc" of European nations, de Gaulle assures Stalin he has no aims to create such an alliance. De Gaulle reaffirms France's support for Poland as well as the need for friendship between France, Poland, and the USSR. They discuss the creation of a new league of nations.
December 2, 1944	Account of General de Gaulle's Meeting with Marshal Stalin Saturday, 2 December at 21:00 at the Kremlin Stalin and de Gaulle discuss General de Gaulle's recent trip to Baku, the need to establish a strong France and Russia in the new European order, and Germany's future western border with France. The leaders discuss a 20-year treaty of alliance between the two nations.
June 2000	Tibor Méray, 'Germ Warfare: Memories and Reflections' Tibor Meray reminisces about the biological warfare allegations during the Korean War.
May 6, 1957	Tibor Méray, 'The Truth about Germ Warfare' Articles by the Hungarian journalist Tibor Meray on his experiences in North Korea during the Korean War and the claims that the United States conducted biological warfare in Korea.
July 13, 1970	Report of the Meeting on Monday July 13, 1970, at the Great Hall of the People A record of conversation between Andre Bettencourt, Mao Zedong, and Zhou Enlai.
November 1960	Note from the GPRA General Secretary, ‘Issue: War Material' List of war materials sent from China to Algeria, to support Algerian fight against France.
October 4, 1960	Note from the GPRA Secretary General to Foreign Missions and Delegations, ‘Our Foreign Policy’ A memo from Algeria's Secretary General to its foreign missions and delegations, regarding Algeria's foreign policy. Explains, first, Algeria's current position in regard to the "socialist camp," noting recent positive signs of improvements in Algeria's relationships with China and the Soviet Union. Identifies apprehensions within the western bloc that Algeria may slide toward the socialist camp, and gives instructions on how to respond to and reduce these apprehensions, so as to more fully broaden Algeria's base of support in its struggle against France. The memo recognizes that the western bloc is still supporting France in its fight to keep Algeria as a colonial subject, and recommends issuing an ultimatum to these western countries; either they cease complicity with France or be considered fundamentally hostile to the Algerian cause.
1959	List of Recognitions of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) List of countries that have recognized the GPRA as representing an independent Algerian government.
January 31, 1962	Letter from the GPRA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ‘Confidential Note to the Heads of Missions and Delegations' Confidential note from Algeria's Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the heads of Algeria's diplomatic missions and delegations. The note, written in Cairo on January 31, 1962, focuses on the position that African and Asian countries currently hold at the center of a global struggle between colonialists and neo-colonialists. Points out that Algeria's struggle with France remains a focal point of reference for these countries, and that Algeria must clearly define its foreign policies and positions on international issues.