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Western Europe

France

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Satellite image of Western Europe

Western Europe

Euratom

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Northern Africa

Algeria

Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

The Algerian Revolution and the Communist Bloc

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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Gaulle, Charles de

1890- 1970

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Manac’h, Etienne

1910- 1992

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Documents

June 17, 1961	Summary of Meeting between Ambassador to Arab States Kiesewetter and General Secretary Belhocine and Head of Bureau Waker Summary of a June 17, 1961 meeting between Algeria (represented by General Secretary Belhocine and Head of Bureau Waker) and East Germany (represented by Ambassador to Arab States, Kiesewetter). The two sides discuss the suspension of the Evian negotiations between France and Algeria, East Germany's assistance for Algerian refugees in Morocco, and GDR-Algerian governmental relations. Ambassador Kiesewetter also expresses GDR's desire to peacefully coexist with West Germany in Berlin.
May 16, 1961	Summary of Meeting between Third Secretary Hassenkhe and Head of Socialist Countries Bureau Yaker Summary of 27 April 1961 meeting between East German Third Secretary, Hassenkhe, and Algerian Head of Socialist Countries Bureau, Layachi Yaker. Algerian government describes Algerian socialist organizations as "counter-revolutionary." Summary references East German establishment of Red Cross delegation in Morocco as unofficial channel for providing Algeria with material assistance.
February 10, 1962	Letter from the GPRA Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the GPRA Ministry of the Interior, ‘Material Assistance’ 1962 letter from Saad Dahlab -- Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs -- to Algeria's Ministry of the Interior, detailing Albania's offer for material support for the Algerian cause.
March 19, 1961	Report attached to 'Development of Relations with Socialist Countries since March 19, 1961' Report gauging Algeria's political possibilities among Eastern Bloc countries, with the exclusion of Yugoslavia. Begins with a summary of Marxist positions on national and colonial issues, followed by a detailed history, from 1922-1961, tracing the development of communist attitudes and policies toward the question of Algerian independence. Concludes with a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary (1961) status of international relations between GPRA and several blocs of socialist countries.
March 19, 1961	Annex #2 to 'Development of Relations with Socialist Countries since March 19, 1961' Report describing an upcoming Algerian governmental delegation visit to Beijing - with a planned stop in Moscow - as an opportunity for Algeria to seek support from Chinese and Soviet leaders in its struggle with France. Specifically mentions, among political goals, that the delegation should ask the Chinese and Russian governments to push for the governments of East Germany and Albania to officially recognize the GPRA.
March 19, 1961	Annex #1 to 'Development of Relations with Socialist Countries since March 19, 1961' Recommendation that the GPRA closely monitor China's potential admission to the United Nations. Recognizes that the USSR's efforts to get China recognized by the UN, if successful, could lead to the normalization of Chinese-French relations, and withdrawal of Chinese support for Algerian struggle; advises Algeria to quickly create a diplomatic relationship with China to make this withdrawal more difficult.
March 19, 1961	Development of Relations with Socialist Countries since March 19, 1961 Report on meetings by the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) with heads of state of socialist countries.The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia both pledge support and provided supplies to assist the GPRA.
January 18, 1968	Presentation to the Institute of International Law Gottingen University by Felix Oboussier, 'Potential Impacts of Non-Proliferation Treaty Draft on the Euratom Treaty' This presentation, given by Felix Oboussier, discusses the potential impacts the NPT may have on the Euratom Treaty. He concludes that a definitive opinion on the whether or not the requirements and objections of non-nuclear member states have been fully taken into account seems premature.
January 1968	Jan Gijssels, 'Euratom and the Draft Non-Proliferation Treaty of Nuclear Weapons in Terms of Law' This article by Jan Gijssels discusses the legal implications of Euratom and the proposed Non-Proliferation Treaty.
September 20, 1971	Note to the Executive Management of Foreign Affairs on Euratom Verification Agreement This document includes council directives to the Commission for the negotiation of a Euratom verification agreement in accordance with Article III, 4, of the NPT.