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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photo of Ion Gheorghe Maurer

Maurer, Ion Gheorghe

1902- 2000

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Handshake between Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon

Sino-American Cooperation, 1972-1989

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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Bodnaras, Emil

-

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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September 11, 1969	Minutes of Conversation between the Romanian Delegation to Ho Chi Minh’s Funeral, Led by Ion Gheorge Maurer, and the Chinese Delegation, Led by Zhou Enlai, 11 September 1969 Meeting between Chinese and Romanian delegations. The Romanians express their belief that it would take pressure off of them, if the tensions between the USSR and China were resolved. They discuss the general relations between the USSR and Romania and other states in Eastern Europe, specifically how closely their militaries and economies are linked to those of the Soviet Union. Enlai notes how individual communist parties now develop independently, instead of in cooperation with others.
September 7, 1969	Minutes of Conversation between Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Paul Niculescu Mizil, Zhou Enlai, and Li Xiannian on 7 September 1969 Conversation between Romanian and Chinese representatives. Romanians note that Nixon seemed sincere in his desire to normalize relations with China, and that he believed the Vietnam issue could not be solved militarily. The Romanians believe that Vietnam should pursue the opportunity for talks. Zhou Enlai states that the widespread activity of the USSR proves that the Soviet leaders are "crazy." The Romanians affirm that they would encourage neither the USSR or China to heighten aggression with the other.
July 18, 1969	Telegram from Ion Dorobantu, Romanian Charge d’Affaires in Beijing to Corneliu Manescu Regarding the Reply of the Chinese Communist Party to the Invitation to Send a Delegation to the 10th Congress of the Romanian Communist Party Telegram from Ion Dorobantu to Corneliu Manescu transmitting the contents of the Chinese reply to the Romanian invitation to send a delegation to the 10th Congress of the RCP. The Chinese refuse, politely, on the grounds that there will be a Soviet delegation present as well.
September 27, 1964	Memorandum of Conversation between the Romanian Party and Government Delegation Led by Ion Gheorghe Maurer and Soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev Representatives from Romania and the Soviet Union discuss the current industrial and economic situation, as well as foreign relations with China.
June 15, 1967	Telegram from Pyongyang to Bucharest, No. 76.208, TOP SECRET, June 15, 1967 Chinese and Romanian diplomats review Sino-North Korean relations and the recent purges of Pak Geum-cheol and other leading officials from the Korean Workers' Party.
May 12, 1966	Conversations Between Emil Bodnăraş, Romanian Party and Government Delegation Leader, and Zhou Enlai, Prime Minister of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China inBeijing (excerpts) Bodnaras and Enlai discuss both Romania and China's strained relations with the Soviet Union.
July 1964	Conversations Between Delegations of the Romanian Workers Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Moscow, July 1964 (excerpts) Delegates from Romania discuss the strained Soviet-Romanian relationship with Soviet officials. Issues raised include the organizational structure of the Warsaw Pact’s military forces, the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA or Comecon), and the existence of Soviet spies and espionage networks in Romania, the Soviet insistence that all Communist countries should support their proposals in international bodies and vote as a block, and other unilateral Soviet decisions such as placing missiles in Cuba in 1962.
June 5, 1964	Conversations between Romanian Leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and Chinese Ambassador Liu Fang, Referring to Bilateral Relations and the Soviet-Chinese Ideological Conflict Snagov, 5 June 1964 (excerpts) In excerpts from their conversation, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers Party and Liu Fang, Chinese Ambassador to Romania, discuss the increasing tension between both their countries and the Soviet Union. Gheorghiu-Dej also explains his objections to the attempted admission of Mongolia to the Warsaw Pact. Romanian military leader Emil Bodnăraş is also present.
March 3, 1964	Conversations between Delegations of the Romanian Workers Party and the Chinese Communist Party in Beijing, 3-10 March 1964 (excerpts) Ion Gheorghe Maurer and Nicolae Ceauşescu of Romania meet with Liu Shaoq, Deng Xiaoping, and other Chinese Communist officials. The Romanians discuss the Sino-Soviet Split, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, and the organizing structure of the Warsaw Pact. Maurer expresses frustration with the Soviet Union, referencing the Cuban Missile Crisis and similar "circumstances in which decisions were taken unilaterally, expressing only the Soviet point of view."
March 26, 1965	Minutes of a Conversation Between the RCP Leadership led by Nicolae Ceausescu and the CCP Leadership Led by Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai, Maurer, and Ceausescu discuss US military engagement in South Vietnam and USSR's response.