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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

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East Asia

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Eastern Europe

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Sino-Soviet Relations

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

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Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

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A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

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A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

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Tsedenbal, Yumjaagiyn

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Portrait of T.V. Soong, 1945

Soong, T. V. (Tzu-wen)

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Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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China and the End of World War II

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

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Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich

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China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

Sino-Vietnamese War, 1979

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June 9, 1982	Conversation between Soviet Foreign Ministry Official Mikhail S. Kapitsa and Deputy Foreign Minister of Mongolia D. Yondon Record of conversation between Mikhail S. Kapitsa, the head of the First Far Eastern Department of the Soviet Foreign Ministry, and D. Yondon, First Deputy Foreign Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic. They discuss foreign relations with China, Japan and North Korea. They also discuss the current situation in Vietnam, India and Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
February 26, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation: President Bush's Meeting with Chairman Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China, February 26, 1989, 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon Conversation between Deng Xiaoping and President George Bush on Sino-US relations. Deng expressed the hope that the bilateral relationship would develop in a "new pattern" based on mutual trust, mutual support, and minimizing as much as possible mutual problems. They also discussed the continued tensions between China and the Soviet Union,
July 15, 1971	Memorandum of Conversation between The First Secretary of the Mongolian People’s Republic and the Head of Delegation of Korean Worker’s Party on the 50th Anniversary of the Mongolian People’s Revolution Officials of the Mongolian People's Republic and the Korean Worker's Party discuss their mutual support for the peaceful unification of the Korean peninsula, obstacles presented by the U.S. and Japan, and perspectives on the Sino-Soviet split.
May 6, 1987	Czechoslovak Translation of the Soviet Report on the Tenth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report outlines the April 1987 Sino-Soviet consultations, with an emphasis on the desire of both the Soviet and the Chinese side to improve mutual relations. However, the Chinese side accuses the Soviet Union of illegal interference in Cambodia. The Soviet Union, in turn, declines responsibility for the Cambodian situation. The participants also discuss the problem of Soviet troop deployments in Afghanistan and Mongolia, which impede Sino-Soviet cooperation.
May 15, 1985	Czechoslovak Translation of Soviet Report on the Sixth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report on Soviet-Chinese consultations in Moscow includes Soviet proposals to improve the relationship with China, including the establishment of a military expert commission on border questions. However, the Chinese delegation insists that the Soviet Union cease supporting Mongolia, Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The author concludes that mutual cooperation has not been substantially improved as a result of the consultations.
November 29, 1954	Record of Conversation with Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic, Comrade Tsedenbal. (fragments) Soviet Ambassador to Mongolia, Vasily Pisarev, reports on the discussions between Mongolian leader Tsedenbal and Chinese Deputy Prime Minister Ulanfu on Sino-Mongolian Cooperation. The ambassador reports Tsedenbal's request that China send 20,000 Chinese workers to settle in Mongolia and work in Mongolian factories. (fragments)
February 24, 1956	Excerpts from Tsedenbal's diary on his conversation with Soviet leader Anastas Mikoyan on Soviet Economic Cooperation and Aid to the People's Republic of Mongolia (Fragments) Tsedenbal's diary entry on his conversation with Anastas Mikoyan regarding Soviet economic aid and cooperation with the Mongolian People's Republic. Tsedenbal asks Mikoyan to forgive upcoming payments due and provide additional materials and Soviet workers for construction of railroads. Mikoyan tells Tsedenbal that the Soviets will help, but that Mongolia must prepare its own workforce and not be dependent on Soviet or Chinese help. The two also discuss trade issues and Chinese designs on Mongolia.
July 11, 1968	Minutes of Conversation between Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito and UAR President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Brijuni, Croatia Minutes of conversation between Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito and UAR President Gamal Abdel Nasser with occasional input from advisors. Nasser describes the situation in the Middle East, including Egypt's relations with the United States and fighting along the Suez Canal. The two leaders also discuss UN Special Envoy Gunnar Jarring's recent activities. Tito closes with a recount of his visit to Japan, Mongolia, Iran, and Moscow and an update of the Yugoslav economy.
September 30, 1964	Record of Conversation between the Mongolian People’s Republic Government Delegation and the Deputy Chairman of the People’s Republic of China State Council, Foreign Minister Chen Yi Conversation between the Mongolian People’s Republic Government Delegation and the Deputy Chairman of the People’s Republic of China State Council, Foreign Minister Chen Yi. The Chinese Foreign Minister welcomes the Mongolian delegation to the 15 anniversary of the People's Republic of China. The discussion covers Sino-Soviet relations, Chinese claims to Hong Kong and Macao, and Chinese and Mongolian foreign policy questions.
September 9, 1957	Memorandum of Conversation between the Government of Romania and the Delegation of Popular Republic of Mongolia, 9 September 1957 (Fragment) Fragment of the discussions between the delegation of the People's Republic of Mongolia led by Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal and the Romanian government in Bucharest, 9 September 1957. Tsedenbal describes the formation of the history and current state of relations between the Mongolian and Soviet Communist parties, Mongolia's relationship with the People's Republic of China, as well as the status of economic reforms in Mongolia