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East Asia

Mongolia

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Aerial view of National Mall

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United States

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Tsedenbal, Yumjaagiyn

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

Portrait of T.V. Soong, 1945

Soong, T. V. (Tzu-wen)

1894- 1971

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

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China and the End of World War II

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich

1890- 1986

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

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Documents

July 3, 1945	Memorandum of Conversation between Averell Harriman and T. V. Soong, 'Far Eastern Conversations with Generalissimo Stalin' Harriman reports on Soong and Stalin's July 2 conversation on ports and the issue of Outer Mongolia.
July 1945	Message from Averell Harriman to the President and Secretary of State Harriman reports on Chiang Kai-Shek and Stalin's bartering over the status of Outer Mongolia. Chiang refuses to recognize its independence now, but offers to hold a plebiscite after the war.
November 22, 1945	Ivanov and Prikhodov Report on the Mongolian Referendum Report on a 1945 plebiscite to affirm the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic. The plebiscite was held as part of the terms of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, in which the nationalist Republic of China recognized the MPR in exchange for control of the province of Inner Mongolia, which had been occupied by Soviet and Mongolian troops during WWII.
January 12, 1946	Excerpts from a Report by the Head of the Soviet Mission in Mongolia I. Ivanov to Moscow Ivanov reports on conditions in the Mongolian People's Republic and the possibility of "reunification of Mongol tribes and territories as one state."
July 2, 1945	Record of a Meeting between T.V. Soong and Stalin Notes taken during meetings between the Chinese nationalist government and the Soviet Union in Moscow during Sino-Soviet treaty negotiations.
April 19, 1941	Excerpt on Xinjiang from Minutes of the VKP(b) CC Politburo Meetings The Politburo issued 5.25 million rubles to support the NKO's operations in the Mongolian People's Republic and Xinjiang, the independent NKVD rifle battalion in Xinjiang, and the topographic detachment in Xinjiang until the end of 1941.
September 13, 1935	Politburo Decisions of 13 September 1935 Concerning Xinjiang The Politburo directs manpower and funds to support the Xinjiang army and accepts the text of an agreement between the Mongolian People's Republic and Manchukuo on the issue of a border commission.
September 29, 1952	Record of the Reception of the Government Delegation of the Mongolian People’s Republic, led by Prime Minister Yu. Tsedenbal, by the Chairman of the People’s Central Government of the People’s Republic of China Mao Zedong Mao and Tsedenbal discuss Mongolia's history and present day relations with China.
December 18, 1968	Memorandum from Department Head Egon Bahr, 'Establishment of Relations with the Communist States in Asia' Bahr discusses the possibility of West Germany establishing relations with China, Mongolia, North Korea, or North Vietnam.
March 25, 1984	Cable from Ambassador Katori to the Foreign Minister, 'Prime Minster Visit to China (Conversation with Chairman Deng Xiaoping)' Deng and Nakasone briefly exchange views on the Soviet Union and its military build up in Mongolia.