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Eastern Europe

Romania

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Warsaw Pact

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Photo of Ion Gheorghe Maurer

Maurer, Ion Gheorghe

1902- 2000

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

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Kulikov, Viktor Georgievich

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Nuclear Proliferation

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

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March 3, 1964	Conversations between Delegations of the Romanian Workers Party and the Chinese Communist Party in Beijing, 3-10 March 1964 (excerpts) Ion Gheorghe Maurer and Nicolae Ceauşescu of Romania meet with Liu Shaoq, Deng Xiaoping, and other Chinese Communist officials. The Romanians discuss the Sino-Soviet Split, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, and the organizing structure of the Warsaw Pact. Maurer expresses frustration with the Soviet Union, referencing the Cuban Missile Crisis and similar "circumstances in which decisions were taken unilaterally, expressing only the Soviet point of view."
November 1963	Ion Gheorghe Maurer, 'The Unshakeable Foundation of the Unity of the International Communist Movement' (excerpts) Prime Minister Ion Gheorghe Maurer describes Romania's new policies and approach to relations with China and the Soviet Union at a time when Romania was increasingly attempting to distance itself from the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union's military control. Toward this end, Mauer proclaims a policy of military disengagement and disarmament, declaring that mediation and negotiation are the only legitimate way of resolving international tensions.
March 31, 1984	KGB Report on New Elements in US Policy toward the European Socialist Countries Information from the KGB shared with the Stasi about a high-level review of US policy by the Department of State. Presidential Directive [NS-NSDD] 54 from [September] 1982 made the main US objective to subvert Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
March 10, 1980	Evaluation of Chinese Policies toward Eastern Europe by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union This document addresses China's alleged bid to undermine the unity of the Socialist countries while maintaining special relations with Romania, Yugoslavia, and North Korea. Chinese foreign policy is seen as interfering in the domestic affairs of the Socialist states. By maintaining contacts with Western countries and by encouraging further armament of NATO, China is undermining the position of the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet evaluation assesses China as an unreliable partner in international relations and advises that all contacts of the Chinese government with foreign organizations or authorities be closely monitored.
August 2, 1971	Record of the Meeting Between Leonid Brezhnev and East European Party Leaders in the Crimea (Including Discussion on China) This record of the Crimean meeting between General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Communist Party and East European party leaders addresses Soviet domestic and foreign policies. Also discussed is China's anti-Soviet attitude. Brezhnev mentions the negative reactions of Korea and Vietnam to US President Richard Nixon's planned visit to China. The participants at the meeting are in favor of intensifying relations with Japan. Further discussions focus on the possibility of China joining the UN. All participants at the meeting criticize Nicolae Ceauşescu's visit to China as damaging the interests of the Warsaw Pact. Romania is said to support China's politics towards Albania and Yugoslavia.
August 20, 1979	Information Regarding the Meeting and Conversation in the Crimea of L. I. Brezhnev with N. Ceausescu, on 1 August 1979 V.I Potapov informs on the discussion between Brezhnev and Ceausescu in Crimea in 1979. The Soviets are worried about the separate course followed by the RCP leadership with regards to domestic and international issues. Topics involve the Soviet criticism of the publications of the SRR regarding the Moldavian “territorial question”, the attitude of the Romanian leaders towards the Warsaw Treaty Organization, and towards the Chinese problem.
October 27, 1978	Conspect of Conversations with V. I. Potapov, Chief of Romanian Sector of CPSU CC Section V.I Potapov informs about a visit to Bucharest of the CPSU delegation led by A. A. Gromyko and the discussions regarding the “Bessarabian question,” criticism of the CPSU regarding RSR’s relations with the USA and NATO and independent relations with China, RSR’s distancing from the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries in terms of foreign policy.
January 20, 1965	Minutes of the Meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact Member States, Warsaw Romanian meeting minutes of Warsaw Pact Political Consultative Committee meeting concerning non-proliferation.
January 24, 1969	Minutes of Todor Zhivkov – Indira Gandhi Meeting, Delhi The two leaders talk about Vietnam, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and the situation in Europe.
May 24, 1974	Memorandum of Conversation between Emil Bodnaras and Harry G. Barnes, US Ambassador to Romania