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Giulio Andreotti (Presidente del Consiglio) at a NATO Summit in Rome, November 1991.

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Alessandrini, Adolfo

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Mitrokhin, Vasili

1922- 2004

West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, 1971.

Brandt, Willy

1913- 1992

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May 9, 1950	Schuman Declaration at Salon de l'Horloge at the Quai d'Orsay in Paris In this speech, French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman reads a statement describing a shared organization that would manage French and German production of coal and steel. It served as a foundational moment for European integration and the future European Economic Community.
July 6, 1989	Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, "Europe as a Common Home" Mikhail Gorbachev exposes his idea of the "Common European Home" and states that he will not block reform in East European countries. Gorbachev told the Council that it is "the sovereign right of each people to choose their social system at their own discretion." Gorbachev's statements amount to an unofficial repudiation of the Brezhnev Doctrine.
February 21, 1962	Research Memorandum RSB-58 from Roger Hilsman to the Secretary, 'Probable Soviet Reaction to Establishment of Multilateral NATO-Controlled MRBM Force' As discussion of a NATO multilateral force (MLF) unfolded, unfolded, one question which had to be addressed was how the Soviet Union would respond to the creation of such a NATO force. Because a NATO force would increase Western military capabilities, Soviet opposition was assumed.
January 31, 1962	Research Memorandum REU-25 from Roger Hilsman to Mr. Kohler, 'European Attitudes on Independent Nuclear Capability' Concerns about the credibility of US nuclear deterrence generated Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) General Lauris Norstad’s proposal for a NATO-controlled medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) force. This lengthy report represented INR’s assessment of “present and future European interest in national or multinational nuclear weapons capabilities,” including the MRBM proposal, and the extent to which an “enhancement of NATO's nuclear role” could “deter national or multinational European nuclear weapons programs.”
November 23, 1977	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV), Report of the IKV Meeting of 23 November 1977 In this meeting, The IKV responds to NATO discussions about a possible introduction of the 'N-bomb' [neutron bomb]. The neutron bomb would will probably be introduced; however the IKV needs to do all that it can to prevent its arrival.
March 18, 1977	Letter from Mient Jan Faber to Peter Boskma of the Technical University of Twente In this letter, Faber asks Boskma to write a pamphlet for the Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) about nuclear weapons and to help think about IKV’s strategy against these weapons for an upcoming campaign. Even though direct action is the new and primary strategy for the campaign, writing publications is identified by IKV president Ter Veer as "one of the most important tasks of the peace movement."
December 2, 1976	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV), 'IKV Standpoint 1977: A First Attempt at an Outline' This "first attempt at an outline" is the start of a process to compose a new, general vision for the IKV, first one after the Sta of 1972. Important themes other than the nuclear arms race include development cooperation and human rights.
June 9, 1976	Letter from A.J. Meerburg to Mient Jan Faber of the Interchurch Peace Council Diplomat A.J. Meerburg writes to activist Mient Jan Faber about nuclear proliferation and disarmament issues, illustrating the amiable relations that developed between social activists and national security professionals and activists in the Netherlands.
November 12, 1975	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV), Report of the Meeting of 12 November 1975 Meeting minutes showing the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense's respective interests in the IKV and Pax Christi's "small-steps-theory," a theory on gradual disarmament through a series of small unilateral steps. Includes discussion concerning a proposal to form a study group of both interested civil servants and peace activists to formulate an alternative policy.
January 1972	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) Internal Paper, 'The Power of Europe' This document provides an extensive analysis and critique of the balance of nuclear deterrence. Analysis includes objections to the balance of nuclear deterrence theory. This marks the first time that the IKV ever articulated such objections.