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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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South Korean Diplomacy in Asia, 1955-1957

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Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Rhee, Syngman

1875- 1965

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Choi, Duk Shin (Choe Deok-sin)

1914- 1989

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Mitrokhin, Vasili

1922- 2004

Mitrokhin Archive

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Kim, Young Kee

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Syngman Rhee Era

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Documents

November 19, 1956	Review of Radio Free Europe Hungarian Broadcasts Final text of a CIA Memorandum submitted to the White House on RFE broadcasts during the Hungarian Revolution
November 26, 1956	Review of Radio Free Europe Hungarian Broadcasts Cord Meyer informs Allen Dulles that Radio Free Europe (RFE) Hungarian broadcasts did not incite revolution or promise outside military intervention. He encloses his memorandum of November 16, 1956, on monitoring and program control of RFE and RL.
November 3, 1956	Comprehensive Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts An authoritative, cautionary US government guidance, approved by Allen Dulles and Deputy Undersecretary of State Robert Murphy, conveyed to the Free Europe Committee that afternoon.
November 2, 1956	Phone Conversation on Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts Radio Free Europe (RFE) Director Conerey Egan in New York telephones RFE Deputy Director Richard Condon in Munich to direct that RFE should report Hungarian developments and insurgent demands but not take a position for or against individual leaders or political parties.
October 30, 1956	Other Hungarian-Language Radios Radio Free Russia, the voice of the Russian émigré organization NTS, begins Hungarian-language broadcasts and reports the readiness of the “Association of Former Hungarian Servicemen” to assist the Hungarian insurgents. [Radio Madrid in Hungarian broadcasts similar messages.]
October 25, 1956	Policy Considerations for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts A CIA/International Operations Division official recommends policies to guide RFE broadcasting to Hungary during the revolution.
October 25, 1956	Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts CIA/International Operations Division guidance for Radio Free Europe at the outset of the Hungarian Revolution calls for extensive use of President Eisenhower’s September 23 statement on maintaining the spirit of freedom and for caution in pre-judging Imre Nagy.
August 7, 1956	Agreed Policy Governing Radio Free Europe Operations CIA and Free Europe Committee (FEC) restate policy for Radio Free Europe in the context of the 1956 upheaval in the Communist world.
July 13, 1956	National Security Council Discussion of Policy Toward Eastern Europe Senior officials discuss US policy at a National Security Council (NSC) principals' meeting on July 12. Notwithstanding less cautionary views expressed by Vice President Nixon at the NSC discussion, on July 18 President Eisenhower approved a minor modification of the draft (NSC 5608 and the annex) as NSC 5608/1 to serve as a basic statement of U.S. policy (published as redacted document 80, FRUS, 1955-57, XXV ; unredacted document 17, Békés, Byrne, and Rainer, The 1956 Hungarian Revolution).
July 3, 1956	National Security Council, NSC 5608, Draft of “US Policy toward the Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe” Staff draft of NSC 5608, concluding that ferment in the Communist world provides new opportunities to challenge Soviet control. A draft annex called for “encouraging evolutionary change” and defined as tasks of RFE and RL (and other USG-funded media) “avoiding any incitement to premature revolt” while “seeking to maintain faith in the eventual restoration of freedom.” Redacted document 76, FRUS, 1955-1957, XXV, unredacted document 12, Csaba Békés, Malcolm Byrne, and János M. Rainer, The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2002.)