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Eastern Europe

Romania

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Popa, N.

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Photo of Ion Gheorghe Maurer

Maurer, Ion Gheorghe

1902- 2000

Photograph of the USS Pueblo (AGER-2)

USS Pueblo Crisis

North Korean Military Adventurism

Yasser Arafat and Nicolae Ceausescu

Ceausescu's Diplomacy in the Middle East

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

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Bodnaras, Emil

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Warsaw Pact

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Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe

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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Press Briefing by Permanent Observer of Democratic People's Republic of Korea to the UN, 7 July 1976.

Inter-Korean Relations

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June 15, 1967	Telegram from Pyongyang to Bucharest, No. 76.208, TOP SECRET, June 15, 1967 Chinese and Romanian diplomats review Sino-North Korean relations and the recent purges of Pak Geum-cheol and other leading officials from the Korean Workers' Party.
May 10, 1967	Telegram from Pyongyang to Bucharest, No. 76.161, TOP SECRET, May 10, 1967 Kim Gwang-hyeop explains that North Korea's standard of living is relatively low because of the need to invest heavily in defense industries, a policy dated back to the October 1966 Party Conference.
April 8, 1967	Telegram from Pyongyang to Bucharest, No.76.121, TOP SECRET, April 8, 1967 Telegram informing requests from North Korea asking for technical and scientific cooperation in the field of atomic energy.
October 14, 1983	Telex from the East German Embassy in Romania to Bucharest, 14 October 1983 Summary of Romanian position on the Euromissiles Crisis presented at October 1983 summit and also shared with the United States via a letter from Nicolae Ceauşescu to President Ronald Reagan.The Ceauşescu – Reagan letter underscored that: (1) Romania did not approve of the Soviet missile deployments; (2) noted that Romania would only participate in defense operations, and specified that it would carefully consider the nature of the call for assistance by fellow alliance members before sending its troops outside of Romanian territory; (3) stressed that the Romanian Armed Forces were fully under national control, giving several specific details on how this was guaranteed; and (4) explicitly noted that Romania did not and would not ever host nuclear missiles on its territory, whether from the Soviet Union or the United States.
May 12, 1966	Conversations Between Emil Bodnăraş, Romanian Party and Government Delegation Leader, and Zhou Enlai, Prime Minister of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China inBeijing (excerpts) Bodnaras and Enlai discuss both Romania and China's strained relations with the Soviet Union.
July 17, 1964	Notes from Meeting of Romanian Delegation with Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow, 17 July 1964 (excerpts) Khrushchev, Kosygin, and Romanian representative Bodnăraş discuss the history of Soviet-Romanian relationships, Soviet espionage in Romania, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
July 1964	Conversations Between Delegations of the Romanian Workers Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Moscow, July 1964 (excerpts) Delegates from Romania discuss the strained Soviet-Romanian relationship with Soviet officials. Issues raised include the organizational structure of the Warsaw Pact’s military forces, the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA or Comecon), and the existence of Soviet spies and espionage networks in Romania, the Soviet insistence that all Communist countries should support their proposals in international bodies and vote as a block, and other unilateral Soviet decisions such as placing missiles in Cuba in 1962.
June 5, 1964	Conversations between Romanian Leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and Chinese Ambassador Liu Fang, Referring to Bilateral Relations and the Soviet-Chinese Ideological Conflict Snagov, 5 June 1964 (excerpts) In excerpts from their conversation, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers Party and Liu Fang, Chinese Ambassador to Romania, discuss the increasing tension between both their countries and the Soviet Union. Gheorghiu-Dej also explains his objections to the attempted admission of Mongolia to the Warsaw Pact. Romanian military leader Emil Bodnăraş is also present.
March 3, 1964	Conversations between Delegations of the Romanian Workers Party and the Chinese Communist Party in Beijing, 3-10 March 1964 (excerpts) Ion Gheorghe Maurer and Nicolae Ceauşescu of Romania meet with Liu Shaoq, Deng Xiaoping, and other Chinese Communist officials. The Romanians discuss the Sino-Soviet Split, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, and the organizing structure of the Warsaw Pact. Maurer expresses frustration with the Soviet Union, referencing the Cuban Missile Crisis and similar "circumstances in which decisions were taken unilaterally, expressing only the Soviet point of view."
November 1963	Ion Gheorghe Maurer, 'The Unshakeable Foundation of the Unity of the International Communist Movement' (excerpts) Prime Minister Ion Gheorghe Maurer describes Romania's new policies and approach to relations with China and the Soviet Union at a time when Romania was increasingly attempting to distance itself from the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union's military control. Toward this end, Mauer proclaims a policy of military disengagement and disarmament, declaring that mediation and negotiation are the only legitimate way of resolving international tensions.